Corresponding author: Robert B. Angus (
Academic editor: D. Lachowska
Karyotypes are given for
Angus RB, Ribera I, Jia F (2017) Further studies on
The genus
In June–July 2016 one of us (R. B. Angus) had the opportunity to visit the Kangding area and collect
This study aims to clarify the identities of
The material used for chromosome preparations is listed in Table
Specimens were brought back to the laboratory alive and placed in small aquaria where they were fed with living larvae of
Material giving chromosome preparations.
Species | Locality | Material |
---|---|---|
CHINA Sichuan. Kangding County Yalashenshan. |
2 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀ | |
SWITZERLAND Ticino. San Bernardino pass. |
1♀ | |
SWITZERLAND Ticino. St Gotthard pass |
1♂ |
For DNA extraction and sequencing we used the same methodology as various recent works on the same family
We sequenced four mitochondrial genes in two PCR reactions: 3’ end of cytochrome c oxidase subunit (
Material studied for the molecular phylogeny, with voucher number, locality and collector, and EMBL accession numbers. In bold, sequences newly obtained for this study.
No | Species | Voucher | Country | Locality | Leg |
|
16S+tRNA +NAD1 |
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Italy | Piemonte. Gran Paradiso Nat. Park. Colle del Nivolet, roadside lake at ca 2500 m. 3.9.2010 | R.B. Angus |
|
|
|
||
2 |
|
Switzerland | Col de San Bernardino, ponds | R.B. Angus |
|
- |
|
|
3 |
|
Switzerland | St. Gottardo pass, summit | R.B. Angus |
|
- |
|
|
4 |
|
MNCN-AI298 | Switzerland | Col de San Bernardino, ponds 13.10.2002 | I. Ribera & |
|
|
- |
5 |
|
NHM-IR309 | Switzerland | St. Gottardo pass, summit, 27.7.00 | I. Ribera & |
|
|
- |
6 | China | Sichuan, Kangding County, Yalashenshan. Small pools 4052m 27.6.2016 | R.B. Angus, F-L Jia, Z-Q. Li & K. Chen |
|
- |
|
||
7 |
|
China | CHINA Sichuan.Kangding County.Yalashenshan, Small pools 4074 m a.s.l. 27.6.2016 | R.B. Angus, F-L Jia, Z-Q. Li & K. Chen |
|
- |
|
|
8 |
|
China | Sichuan, Kangding County Boij ta Car parking zone, Grassy and weedy pools. 3531 m a.s.l. 28.6.2016 | R.B. Angus, F-L Jia, Z-Q. Li & K. Chen |
|
- |
|
|
9 |
|
China | Sichuan, Kangding County Yajiaheng, Shallow stony & peaty pools 3337 m a.s.l. 30.6.2016 | R.B. Angus, F-L Jia, Z-Q. Li & K. Chen |
|
- |
|
|
10 |
|
China | N. Qinghai Hu, Gangca, 1 km SE of Gangca Dasi, stream, 3464m 5.6.2013 | R.B. Angus, F.L. Jia & Y. Zhang. |
|
|
- | |
11 |
|
China | Qinghai, Golo, Maduo, Roadside pools on river flats ca 20 km SE Maduo. 8.6.2013 | R.B. Angus, F.L. Jia & Y. Zhang. |
|
- | - | |
12 |
|
Tibet | S Tibet, S Namtso lake 4750m, banks, 21.7.2010 | J. Schmidt |
|
|
|
|
13 | MNCN-AI1208 | California (US) | California, 9.2000 | Y. Alarie |
|
|
|
|
14 | MNCN-AI952 | Sweden | prov. Angermanland, Hörnefors parish, Norrbyskäv island, rock pool, 23.6.2006 | A.N. Nilsson |
|
|
|
|
15 | MNCN-AI1160 | California (US) | Napa Co., Knoxville Recreation Area, 2000 | T. Berendonk |
|
|
|
|
16 | MNCN-AI1150 | California (US) | Sacramento Co., Clay Station Rd., 20.6.1999 | W.D. Shepard |
|
|
|
|
17 | California (US) | Marin Co., Seasonal Pools in Dillans Beach Dunes, Spring 2011. | D. Post |
|
|
|
||
18 | MNCN-AI1082 | Norway | Bugöynes, 29.7.2006 | S. Ligaard |
|
|
|
|
19 | NHM-IR22 | Portugal | Sa. Da Estrela, Torre, lagoon 25.7.1998 | I. Ribera |
|
|
|
|
20 | MNCN-AI1120 | Macedonia | Macedonia, Sar (Shar) Planina, Karanikolicko ezero Black Nick’s Lake, 6.9.2006 | R.B. Angus |
|
|
|
|
21 | MNCN-AI115 | Faroes (Isl.) | 20.9.2004 | J. Hansen |
|
|
- | |
22 | MNCN-AI829 | Turkey | Düzce, between Kartalkaya and Çaydurt, pools in mountain pass, 1700m 23.4.2006 | I. Ribera |
|
|
|
|
23 | NHM-IR295 | California (US) | Mono co., Long Valley 19.6.2000 | I. Ribera |
|
|
- | |
24 | NHM-IR334 | New Mexico (US) | New Mexico, 9.2000 | Y. Alarie |
|
|
|
|
25 | NHM-IR335 | Texas (US) | Texas, 9.2000 | Y. Alarie |
|
|
|
We aligned the sequences using the MAFFT online v.6 and the Q–INS–i algorithm (
Published information: 2n = 54 + X0 (♂), XX (♀) (
We extracted and sequenced two specimens of
Mitotic chromosomes from mid gut of
Published information: 2n = 52 + X0 (♂), XX (♀) (
Phylogeny of the Palaearctic species of
One of the surprises associated with collection of this species in 2016 was that the specimens from the St Gotthard pass appeared, even in the field, as noticeably larger than those from the San Bernardino. At the time it seemed that the St Gotthard specimens might be
As mentioned in the Introduction, the type material of
Material from the northern part of the Tibetan Plateau is generally paler, and Fig.
The analysis of the combined mitochondrial and nuclear data recovered a monophyletic
The Palaearctic species show a clearly uneven distribution of their diversity (Fig.
Maps of the distributions of various
We thank the Natural History Museum London, Royal Holloway University of London and the Biology School of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou for research facilities, Dandan Zhang for her help for booking hotel and flight tickets for the Kangding collection, Zhiqiang Li and Mr. Kai Chen for their help when we were working on field, A. Izquierdo, R. Alonso and A. Cardoso (