Corresponding author: Anna Maryańska-Nadachowska (
Academic editor: V. Gokhman
We report several chromosomal traits in 11 species from 8 genera of the planthopper family
Maryańska-Nadachowska A, Anokhin BA, Gnezdilov VM, Kuznetsova VG (2016) Karyotype stability in the family Issidae (Hemiptera, Auchenorrhyncha) revealed by chromosome techniques and FISH with telomeric (TTAGG)
During the last decades, the worldwide planthopper family
As a result of these changes, the family
Recent molecular data on the
Up to now, studies on the
Recent publications dealing with karyotypes of the
In this paper we report karyotypes of 11 species in 8 genera of the tribes fluorescence
Details on the material analyzed, including the geographical location, number of specimens, information about the authorship of the noted specific names, diploid (2n) chromosome number, sex-determining mechanism in males, cytogenetic methods used in karyotyping and the number of testicular follicles are given in Table
List of the
Taxa | Collection locality | No. of males (m) and females (f) studied | 2n♂ | Number of follicles | Method | Gaps/AgNORs/rDNA |
Source |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|||||||
Russia, Greece |
? m, ? f |
- |
11/11 |
- |
- |
||
Spain, Sierra d’Alhamilla, Almeria prov., 3.06.2006, leg. A. Maryańska-Nadachowska |
2m |
26+X |
11/11 |
Schiff |
- |
||
Spain, El Burgo, Malaga prov., 11.06.2005, leg. A. Maryańska-Nadachowska | 2m | 26+X | 9/9 | Schiff | - |
|
|
India | ?m | 24+X | - | - | - |
|
|
Greece, Litohoro, eastern slopes of Mt. Olympus, Pieria District, 17.05.2007, leg. A. Maryańska-Nadachowska | 4m | 26+X | 10/10 | Schiff, C-banding, DAPI | - |
|
|
Greece, Varvara, Stratoniko Range (600-800 m a.s.l.), Halkidiki District, 11.06.2007, leg. A. Maryańska-Nadachowska | 4m | 26+X | 10/10 | Schiff, C-banding, DAPI | - |
|
|
Russia, Krasnodar Territory, near Gelendzhik, 30.08.2004, leg. V. Gnezdilov | 1m | 26+X | 10/10 | Schiff | - |
|
|
France, prov. Vaison-la-Romaine, 1.06.2010, leg. A. Maryańska-Nadachowska | 2m | 26+X | 9/9 | Schiff, AgNOR | Interstitial gap |
Present data |
|
Greece, Litohoro eastern slopes of Mt. Olympus, Pieria District, 17.05.2007, leg. A. Maryańska-Nadachowska | 2m | 26+X | 10/10 | Schiff | - | ||
China |
?m |
26+X |
- |
Phenol fuchsine |
- |
||
Italy, Caltabellotta, alt. ca. 900 m a.s.l., ca. 30 km north from Sciacca, southern Sicily, 22.05.2006, leg. A. Maryańska-Nadachowska | 3m | 26+X | 10/10 | C-banding | - |
|
|
Italy, Chiaramonte, ca. 15 km north from Ragusa, southern Sicily, 16.05.2006, leg. A. Maryańska-Nadachowska | 4m | 24+XY | - | C-banding | Interstitial gap |
|
|
Spain, Soria prov., 07.2005, leg. A. Maryańska-Nadachowska | 3m | 26+X | 10/10 | Schiff | - |
|
|
Spain, Segovia prov., 07.2005, leg. A. Maryańska-Nadachowska | 2m | 26+X | - | Schiff | - |
|
|
Spain, Soria prov., 07.2005, leg. A. Maryańska-Nadachowska | 3m | 26+X | 10/10 | Schiff | - |
|
|
Spain, near Almonte, 26.06.2004 (south Spain), leg. A. Maryańska-Nadachowska | 2m | 26+X | 13/13 | Schiff | - |
|
|
Italy (Sicily), Acireale, east Sicily, 2.06.2006, leg. A. Maryańska-Nadachowska |
2m |
26+X |
13/13 |
Schiff |
Terminal gap |
||
Greece, Litohoro, eastern slopes of Mt. Olympus, Pieria District, 17.05.2007, leg. A. Maryańska-Nadachowska |
2m |
26+X |
10/10 |
Schiff |
- |
||
Turkey, Gülcük, (1100m a.s.l., Boz Dağlar ca. 18 km north from Edemis, prov. Izmir, 3.06.2010, leg. A. Maryańska-Nadachowska | 3m | 26+X | 12/12 | Schiff | Interstitial gap | Present data |
|
Bulgaria, Central Rodopy Mts., 2010, leg. A. Maryańska-Nadachowska | 3m | 26+X | 12/12 | Schiff | - | Present data |
|
Italy, Gemona del Friuli, Alps, ca. 25 km north from Udine, Udine prov., 07.07.2005, leg. A. Maryańska-Nadachowska | 2m | 24+X | 10/10 | Schiff | - |
|
|
Italy, Lagonegro, ca.15 km north from Lauria, 11.06.2006, leg. A. Maryańska-Nadachowska | 5m | 26+X | 12/12 | Schiff, C-banding, AgNOR, DAPI | Subtelomeric gaps, |
|
|
Italy, Sicily, Nébrodi Mountains, western part, surroundings of di Luminaria (1260 m), dell Obolo Pass (1503 m), 27.05.2006, leg. A. Maryańska-Nadachowska | 2m | 26+X | 10/10 | Schiff | - |
|
|
Greece, near Athens, Parnitha Mt., 05.05.2015, leg. V. Gnezdilov | 2m |
26+X |
10/13, 7/18 |
Schiff | - | Present data |
|
Italy, Passo del Muraglione, 907 m a.s.l., ca. 50 km north-east from Firenze, 14.06.2006, leg. A. Maryańska-Nadachowska | 1m | 26+X | 16/16 | Schiff | - |
|
|
Crimea, Chatyr-Dag, 1000 m a.s.l., 06.2008, leg. A. Maryańska-Nadachowska | 1m |
26+X |
20/20 |
Schiff, C-banding |
- |
|
|
Greece, Varvara, Stratoniko Range (600-800 m a.s.l), Halkidiki District, 11.06.2007, leg. A. Maryańska-Nadachowska | 3m | 26+X | 18/18 | Schiff, C-banding, AgNOR, DAPI | Interstitial gaps |
|
|
Greece, leg. S. Drosopoulos |
1m |
26+X |
18/18 |
Schiff |
- |
||
Turkey, Kayacidad Mts (700-800 m a.s.l), south from Canakale, 06.2010, leg. A. Maryańska-Nadachowska | 2m | 26+X | - | Schiff, C-banding | - | Present data |
|
Spain, Goñar, Almeria prov., 07.2005, leg. A. Maryańska-Nadachowska |
5m |
26+X |
7/13, 8/8, 8/11 9/9, 9/11 |
Schiff |
- |
||
Spain, Mazagón, Huelva prov, 14.06.2005, leg. A. Maryańska-Nadachowska | 3m | 26+X | 9/10, 10/10, 11/11 | Schiff | - |
|
|
Spain, Sierra de la Nieves, Malaga prov., 4.06.2005, leg. A. Maryańska-Nadachowska | 2m | 26+X | 10/10 | Schiff | Interstitial gaps |
|
|
Spain, Avila prov., 07.2005, leg. A. Maryańska-Nadachowska | 1m | 26+X | ?4/4 | Schiff | Interstitial gaps |
|
|
Chile, La Campana, 2014, leg. A. Emeljanov | 4m | 26+X | 6/6 | Schiff, AgNOR, | ? |
Present data |
|
Kazakhstan, |
2m | 26+X | 9/9 | Schiff | - |
|
|
Crimea, Chatyr-Dag, 1000 m a.s.l., 06.2008, leg. A. Maryańska-Nadachowska |
1m |
26+X |
6/6 |
Schiff |
- |
||
Southern Mexico, 11. 2012, leg. A. Maryańska-Nadachowska, | 1m | 26+X | - | Schiff | Interstitial gaps | Present data |
|
Spain, El Burgo, Malaga prov. 20.06.2006, leg. A. Maryańska-Nadachowska | 4m |
26+X |
10/10 |
Schiff | - |
|
|
Greece, 2003, leg. S. Drosopoulos | 3m |
26+X | 12/12 |
Schiff | - |
|
|
Greece, 2003, leg. S. Drosopoulos |
3m |
26+X |
24/24 |
Schiff |
- |
||
Greece, Skaloula village, 2003, leg. S. Drosopoulos | 1m | 26+X | 30/30 | Schiff | - |
|
|
Greece, Achladokambos, ca. 20 km E from Tripoli, Arkadia District, Peloponessus, 23.05.2007, leg. A. Maryańska-Nadachowska |
3m |
26+X |
28/28 |
Schiff, C-banding, DAPI |
- |
||
|
|||||||
Vietnam, Dak Lak Prov, Yok Don Nat. Park, 20.06.2014. leg. V. Gnezdilov | 1m | 26+X | 11/11 | Schiff, DAPI/CMA3 |
Interstitial clusters | Present data |
|
|
|||||||
South Vietnam, Cat Tien, Nat. Res., 2012, leg. V. M. Gnezdilov | 2m | 26+X | 8/11, 12/12 | Schiff | Interstitial gaps | Present data |
|
Indonesia, 2011, leg. D.A. Gapon | 4m | 26+X | 8/9, 11/11, 12/12, 12/12 | Schiff |
- |
Present data |
With several exceptions (
All specimens were identified by V.M. Gnezdilov. Several species were identified only to the genus level because of taxonomic difficulties in these genera. Only males were used for chromosome analyses. In the field, males were collected with an insect net, fixed alive in 3:1 fixative (96% ethanol: glacial acetic acid) and stored at +4 °C.
Gonads of adult males were used for chromosome analysis. Testes were dissected in a drop of 45% acetic acid and squashed. The coverslips were removed using dry ice. Prior to staining, the preparations were examined by phase contrast microscopy.
All the conventional staining techniques used herein were described in detail by
Chromosome banding techniques contribute to the identification of specific chromosomes within karyotypes. AgNOR-banding reveals chromosomal nucleolus organizing regions
This method was applied for the first time in the family
Chromosomes were mounted in antifade medium (ProLong Gold antifade reagent with DAPI; Invitrogen) and covered with a glass coverslip. Chromosome slides were analyzed under a Leica DM 6000 B microscope. Images were taken with a Leica DFC 345 FX camera using Leica Application Suite 3.7 software with an Image Overlay module.
The testicular follicles were counted in 8 species (Table
Chromosome data on 10 species from 8 genera were obtained for the first time, including first observations on members of the tribes
Meiotic analyses of species of the tribes
Conventionally stained meiotic karyotypes of two species of the tribe
The telomeric probe identified (TTAGG)
In all species, the major rDNA loci were located in the largest autosomal pair. In the majority of species, the rDNA clusters were found in the interstitial position; however in
We made a thorough compilation of all data reported so far in the family
The number of testicular follicles per testis, counted here in males of eight species, ranged from 6 to 30, being the lowest in
The evolutionary trends and the phylogenetic importance of the number of follicles in
Although numbers between 9 and 18 and especially 10 (observed in one third of the species) seem to be more typical for the
The nine species of the
Our study confirms that
The basic karyotype appears conservative in structure within the
C- banding has revealed unsuspected patterns of variation in the amount and distribution of constitutive heterochromatin in auchenorrhynchan karyotypes (see
Over the past decades, the
In
The major rDNA loci were shown to vary in number (1 or 2 per haploid set) and chromosome location (autosomes, sex chromosomes or both; terminally or interstitially) in different species of
Among the families
The “issidoid” families
The currently available data on the families
Based on the currently available data, which are still highly insufficient, we can infer that
The financial support from the Russian Science Foundation (grant no. 14-14-00541) is gratefully acknowledged. The fieldwork of V.M. Gnezdilov in southern Vietnam was organized by the Russian-Vietnamese Tropical Centre (Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam).