Biennial life cycle of Adelges nordmannianae (Eckstein, 1890) (Aphidinea) (after Pesson 1951; Gavrilov-Zimin 2021), with changes. Stages 1–13 occur during first year on Picea orientalis (Linnaeus, 1763): 1 female “sexupara”, migrated from fir (June) 2, 3 larval instars on spruce (July) 4, 5 female and male (July) 6 oviposition (July) 7 wintering larva (August-March) 7bis, 8 female “fundatrix” (April) 9 oviposition (April) 10, 11 larva, producing a gall on twig of spruce (Mai) 12 nymph (June) 13 migrating female (July). Stages 14–24 occur during second year on Abies nordmanniana (Steven, 1838): 14, 15 females, migrating from spruce lay eggs (July) 16 wintering larva (August-April) 17, 18 parthenogenetic female and it oviposition (Mai) 19–23 new parthenogenetic generations (Mai-June) 24 alate female, migrating to spruce (June).