Galls of Tetraneura ulmi (Linnaeus, 1758) on elm leaf, USA. Photo & copyrights: Judy Gallagher, https://www.flickr.com/photos/52450054@N04/33994074962/.

 
 
  Part of: Gavrilov-Zimin IA (2024) Gallophilous theory of cyclical parthenogenesis in aphids (Homoptera, Aphidinea). Comparative Cytogenetics 18: 247-276. https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.18.136095