Karyotypes of Helophorus spp., females, preparations from mid gut. a–d H. orientalis a, b mishan a Giemsa-stained b the same nucleus C-banded c, d Qitaihe c Giemsa-stained d the same nucleus C-banded e–k H. brevipalpis e, f Algadefe, Giemsa-stained e from Angus (1992) f from a different female g from Ponte Scipione, Giemsa-stained h–k from Sologno h Giemsa-stained i the same nucleus C-banded j, k a preparation from a different female j Giemsa-stained k the same nucleus C-banded. All preparations from this locality lack one replicate of autosome 2, but the loss of an autosome 8 from j and k is experimental artefact. Scale bar: 5 µm.