Chromosomes of Ammoxenidae (A–E) and Gallieniellidae (F–H). Ammoxenus psammodromus (2n♂ = 22, X1X20) A mitotic prometaphase B pachytene C metaphase I with slightly negatively heteropycnotic X1X2 D half of anaphase II including sex chromosomes. A. amphalodes (2n♂ = 22, X1X20) E metaphase I. Austrachelas natalensis (2n♂ = 22, X1X20) F mitotic anaphase, orientation of chromatids suggests acrocentric morphology of chromosomes G pachytene X1X2 shows strong positive heteropycnosis H early metaphase I with already isopycnotic sex chromosomes. Arrowheads indicate sex chromosomes. Scale bars: 5 μm.