C-banded mitosis and meiosis (a–j). Spermatogonial early metaphase (Uluguru Mts [Ul] HE96) (a), oogonial metaphase (Udzungwa Mts [Ud] CH8138) (b, c, d) and spermatogonial metaphase (Ud CH8088) (e) with diploid and tetraploid cells. Black arrow indicates secondary constriction and open arrows point of deletions in one of homologous chromosomes (d). Elements (e) resulting from rearrangements were found in both female and male cells (d, e). During meiosis, bivalents show crossing over in metaphase I (f – in the right corner) and normal metaphase II complements with 3 (3+0) or 4 (3+X) chromosomes (f, f’). Arrowhead indicates asynapsis in early prophase I (g). In diplotene/diakinesis, a multivalent-like chain (h) or end-to-end association comprising three autosomal elements (i) as well as asynapsis in individuals Ul CH8246 (g) and Ud CH8088 (h–j) were observed. The X chromosome is indicated. Scale bars: 10 µm.