1–3 T. metallica: 1 spermatogonial mitotic metaphase with 2n = 38 chromosomes, the y-chromosome is arrowed 2 meiotic metaphase I with 18 + Xyp meioformula, the Xyp is arrowed 3 meiotic metaphase II with n = 19 chromosomes 4–5 T. carmelenae: meiotic metaphases I from Sierra de Castril (4) and La Sagra (5) individuals, with 9 + Xyp meioformula, the Xyp are arrowed 6T. parvicollis ssp. seidlitzi: meiotic metaphase I with 11 + Xyp meioformula, the Xyp is arrowed and two partly overlapped autosomal bivalents are arrowheaded. Bar: 5 µm.