Reconstruction of the phylogeny of Homoptera and related insects, placed on geochronological scale (after Shcherbakov and Popov 2002: 146, with changes). Time periods P1, P2 Early (Lower) and Late (Upper) Permian T1, T2, T3 Early, Middle and Late Triassic J1, J2, J3 Early, Middle and Late Jurassic K1, K2 Early and Late Cretaceous ₽1 Palaeocene ₽2 Eocene ₽3 Oligocene N1 Miocene N2 Pliocene R present time (Holocene).