Pholcus crypticolens/opilionoides and phalangioides groups, male karyotypes (A–C stained by Giemsa D FISH). Based on sister metaphases II A P. creticus B P. alticeps C, D P. phalangioides (Madeira) C standard karyotype D karyotype, detection of NORs. Prepared from the same plate as the standard karyotype. Note four chromosome pairs with terminal NOR (nos 4,7,10,11) and the X1 chromosome with NOR at both ends. Pairs nos. 7, 10, and 11 are biarmed, pair no. 4 is acrocentric. NORs are localized at the long arm of these pairs. Scale bars: 10 μm.