Pholcus, males, sex chromosome behavior at spermatogonial mitosis and first meiotic division, Giemsa staining A P. dentatus, spermatogonial metaphase. Note the association of positively heteropycnotic sex chromosomes in the middle of the plate B P. silvai, early spermatogonial anaphase, three half plates. Sex chromosomes exhibit a slight positive heteropycnosis and are placed in the middle of the half plates. Sex chromosomes are marked by arrows C P. fuerteventurensis, early diffuse stage. Sex chromosomes form a positively heteropycnotic body on the periphery of the nucleus D P. silvai, late diffuse stage. The sex chromosome body on the periphery of the nucleus exhibits positive heteropycnosis E P. fuerteventurensis, diakinesis (11 bivalents and a X1X2Y trivalent). The Y chromosome stained more intensively than the X chromosomes. Note the scheme of sex chromosome pairing F P. alticeps, diplotene (11 bivalents and a X1X2Y trivalent). Edge of another diplotene separated by dotted line. Note the scheme of sex chromosome pairing. Abbreviations: SCB = sex chromosome body, SCT = sex chromosome trivalent, X1 = X1 chromosome, X2 = X2 chromosome, Y = Y chromosome. Scale bars: 10 μm.

 
 
  Part of: Král J, Ávila Herrera IM, Šťáhlavský F, Sadílek D, Pavelka J, Chatzaki M, Huber BA (2022) Karyotype differentiation and male meiosis in European clades of the spider genus Pholcus (Araneae, Pholcidae). Comparative Cytogenetics 16(4): 185-209. https://doi.org/10.3897/CompCytogen.v16i4.85059