Corresponding author: Veronika V. Golygina (
Academic editor: Igor Sharakhov
Species
Golygina VV (2022) Chromosomal polymorphism in natural populations of
The species
Since its first description, no information about chromosomal polymorphism of
Thus, the purpose of this paper is to present new data on chromosomal polymorphism in populations of
The VI instar larvae from 8 natural populations from Russia (the Urals and Siberia) and Kazakhstan were used for polytene chromosome slide preparation. Data on collection sites is presented in Table
The larvae were fixed with 3:1
Each banding sequence is given a short designation as follows: three-letter abbreviation of the species name (ag2 as in the first description, the species was named
Statistical analysis was done using the program PHYLIP (
The following equipment of the Centre of Microscopical analysis of biological objects SB RAS in the Institute of Cytology and Genetics (Novosibirsk) was used for this work: microscope “Axioskop” 2 Plus, CCD-camera AxioCam HRc, software package AxioVision 4 (Zeiss, Germany).
As all other members of the
Karyotype of
The revision of the mapping of main banding sequences in arms A, B, C, D, E, and F was presented by Golygina and Kiknadze previously (2008, 2012, 2018). A revised mapping of these banding sequences is shown in Figure
Mapping of main banding sequences in arms
As was mentioned above,
Collection sites.
Collection place | Abbreviation | Collection date | Geographic coordinates | Number of larvae |
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Lake near Yurgamish settlement | KUR-YU | 27.02.1990 |
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80 |
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Itkul Lake | NSK-IT | 15.04.1993 |
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12 |
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Gor’koe Lake, Tumentsevo district | ALT-GT | 13.05.1993 |
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11 |
Gor’koe-Peresheechnoe Lake, Egorievo district | ALT-GP | 16.05.1994 |
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1 |
Gor’koe Lake, Rubtsovks district | ALT-GR | 04.04.1993 17.05.1993 10.09.1993 |
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23 |
Tepliy Klyuch Lake near Yarovoe town, Slavgorod district | ALT-TK | 04.07.2001 |
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2 |
Travyanoe Lake, Oskolkovo settlement | ALT-TR | 08.05.1994 |
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1 |
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Karasor Lake, mouth of river Tundik | KAZ-KA | 23.09.1995 |
|
64 |
The main banding sequences of
Mapping of banding sequences of
Designation of banding sequence | Mapping of banding sequence |
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p’ag2A1 | 1a-2c 10a-12c 3i-2h 4d-9e 2d-g 4c-a 13a-19f C |
p’ag2A2 | 1a-2c 10a-12c 3i-2h 4d-7b 4bc 2g-d 9e-7c 4a 13a-19f C |
p’ag2B1 | 25s-q 18n-16a 22ab 23c-22s 25l-p 21h-18o 21i-t 15r-g 23f-25k 22r-c 23de 15f-12v C |
p’ag2B2 | 25s-q 18n-16a 22ab 23c-22s 25l-p 21h-18o 21i-t 15r-o 23z-f 15g-n 24a-25k 22r-c 23de 15f-12v C |
p’ag2B3 | 25s-q 18n-16a 22ab 23c-22s 25l-p 21h-18o 21i-t 15r-g 23f-24s 15a-f 23ed 22c-r |
14r-12v C | |
p’ag2C1 | 1a-e 5b-4h 16h-a 7d-a 6f-c 2c-1f 5c-6b 11c-8a 15e-11d 6gh 17a 4g-2d 17b-22g C |
p’ag2D1 | 11a-d 4a-7g 18a-d 8a-10a 13a-11a 3g-1e 10e-b 13b-14a 20d-18e 17f-14b 21a-24g C |
h’ag2E1 | 1a-3e 5a-10b 4h-3f 10c-13g C † |
1a-3a 4c-10b 3e-b 4b-3f 10c-13g C‡ | |
h’ag2F1 | 1a-d 6e-1e 7a-10d 18c-a 11a-17d 18d-23f C |
† - mapped according to
Inversion polymorphism was observed only in arms of chromosome I (AB), and among three inversions found, only banding sequence p’ag2A2 occurred in several populations with low frequency, the other two – p’ag2B2 and p’ag2B3 – were unique (Tables
Frequencies of genotypic combinations of banding sequences and general characteristics of chromosomal polymorphism in populations of
Genotypic combination | Russia | Kazakhstan | ||||||
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KUR-YU§ | NSK-IT | ALT-GT | ALT-GP | ALT-GR | ALT-TK | ALT-TR | KAZ-KA | |
80| | 12 | 11 | 1 | 23 | 2 | 1 | 64 | |
p’ag2A1.1 |
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1 |
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1 | 1 |
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p’ag2A1.2 |
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0 |
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0 | 0 |
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p’ag2B1.1 |
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|
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1 |
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1 | 1 |
|
p’ag2B1.2 |
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0 |
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0 | 0 |
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p’ag2B1.3 |
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0 |
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0 | 0 |
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p’ag2C1.1 |
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1 |
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1 | 1 |
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p’ag2D1.1 |
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1 |
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1 | 1 |
|
h’ag2E1.1 |
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1 |
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1 | 1 |
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p’agiF1.1 |
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1 |
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1 | 1 |
|
p’agiG1.1 |
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1 |
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1 | 1 |
|
Percentage of larvae with B-chromosome |
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0 |
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0 | 0 |
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Percentage of larvae showing heterozygocity in the development of |
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|
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0 |
|
0 | 0 | not studied due to the bad banding structure of arm G |
Percentage of larvae with undeveloped |
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|
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0 |
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0 | 0 | - |
Number of banding sequences |
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|
|
7 |
|
7 | 7 |
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Number of genotypic combinations of banding sequences |
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|
|
7 |
|
7 | 7 |
|
% of heterozygous larvae |
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|
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0 |
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0 | 0 |
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Number of heterozygous inversions per larvae |
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|
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0 |
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0 | 0 |
|
§ - populations highlighted with bold were used for quantitative analysis of chromosomal polymorphism. | - number of larvae studied.
Frequencies of banding sequences in populations of
Banding sequnce | Russia | Kazakhstan | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
KUR-YU | NSK-IT | ALT-GT | ALT-GR | KAZ-KA | |
80# | 12 | 11 | 23 | 64 | |
p’ag2A1 | 0.981 | 0.959 | 1 | 0.957 | 0.992 |
p’ag2A2 | 0.019 | 0.041 | 0 | 0.043 | 0.008 |
p’ag2B1 | 0.994 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.992 |
p’ag2B2 | 0.006 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
p’ag2B3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.008 |
p’ag2C1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
p’ag2D1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
h’ag2E1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
p’agiF1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
p’agiG1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
¶ - only populations with enough larva for quantitative analysis (more than 10 specimens) are included into this table. # - number of larvae studied.
Chromosomal polymorphism found in populations of
Besides inversions, one reciprocal translocation was found in a population from Kazakhstan (Fig.
Thus,
Although there are currently no hard data on the water characteristics in the waterbodies where
The work was supported by the federal funding project FWNR-2022-0015 “Structural and functional organization and role of chromosomes of humans and animals in evolution and ontogenesis”.
The author is very grateful to Dr. Lopatin O.E. (Institute of Zoology, Kazakhstan) for the collection of material from Kazakhstan.