Review Article |
Corresponding author: Valentina G. Kuznetsova ( valentina_kuznetsova@yahoo.com ) Academic editor: Snejana Grozeva
© 2020 Valentina G. Kuznetsova, Natalia V. Golub.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Kuznetsova VG, Golub NV (2020) A checklist of chromosome numbers and a review of karyotype variation in Odonata of the world. Comparative Cytogenetics 14(4): 501-540. https://doi.org/10.3897/CompCytogen.v14.i4.57062
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The ancient insect order Odonata is divided into three suborders: Anisoptera and Zygoptera with approximately 3000 species worldwide each, and Anisozygoptera with only four extant species in the relict family Epiophlebiidae. An updated list of Odonata species studied regarding chromosome number, sex chromosome mechanism and the occurrence of m-chromosomes (= microchromosomes) is given. Karyotypes of 607 species (198 genera, 23 families), covering approximately 10% of described species, are reported: 423 species (125 genera, 8 families) of the Anisoptera, 184 species (72 genera, 14 families) of the Zygoptera, and one species of the Anisozygoptera. Among the Odonata, sex determination mechanisms in males can be of X(0), XY and X1X2Y types, and diploid chromosome numbers can vary from 6 to 41, with a clear mode at 2n = 25(60%) and two more local modes at 2n = 27(21%) and 2n = 23(13%). The karyotype 2n = 25(24A + X) is found in each of the three suborders and is the most typical (modal) in many families, including the best-covered Libellulidae, Corduliidae (Anisoptera), Lestidae, Calopterygidae, and Platycnemididae (Zygoptera). This chromosome set is considered ancestral for the Odonata in general. Chromosome rearrangements, among which fusions and fissions most likely predominated, led to independent origins of similar karyotypes within different phylogenetic lineages of the order. The karyotype 2n = 27(26A + X) prevails in Aeshnidae and Coenagrionidae, whereas the karyotype 2n = 23(22A + X) is modal in Gomphidae and Chlorocyphidae, in both pairs of families one being from the Anisoptera while the other from the Zygoptera.
Chromosome numbers, damseldragons, damselflies, dragonflies, m-chromosomes, sex chromosome mechanisms
The order Odonata, which comprises slightly more than 6,000 described species worldwide, is one of the most ancient among winged insects (Pterygota), dating from the Permian (
The field of Odonata cytogenetics was heavily influenced by Bastiaan Kiauta, who has published dozens of papers and analyzed karyotypes of about 260 species and subspecies of this group (see References and Table
Mapping of modal karyotypes onto phylogenetic tree of Odonata families. The phylogenetic tree is taken from
In total, karyotypes of 607 species (198 genera, 23 families) of Odonata are studied up to now. Table
Cytogenetically analyzed species of Odonata and their main karyotype characteristics (chromosome numbers, sex chromosomes, m-chromosomes).
Taxon | Karyotype formula 2n ♂ | m-chromo somes | Country | References | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Anisozygoptera | |||||
Epiophlebioidea | |||||
Epiophlebiidae | |||||
1. | Epiophlebia superstes Selys, 1889 | 25(24A+X) | – | Japan |
|
Anisoptera | |||||
Aeshnoidea | |||||
Aeshnidae | |||||
2. | Aeshna caerulea (Ström, 1783) | 24(22A+neo-XY) | – | Finland |
|
3. | A. canadiensis Walker, 1908 | 27(26A+X) | + | USA |
|
4. | A. clepsydra Say, 1839 | 27(26A+X) | + | USA |
|
5. | A. crenata Hagen, 1856 | 27(26A+X) | + | Finland |
|
– » – | – | Russia |
|
||
6. | A. cyanea (Müller, 1764) | 27(26A+X) | + | Finland |
|
– » – | + | Netherlands |
|
||
7. | A. grandis (Linnaeus, 1758) | 27(26A+X) | + | Former USSR |
|
25(24A+X) | + | Former USSR |
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||
26(24A+neo-XY) | + | Finland |
|
||
– » – | + | Netherlands |
|
||
– » – | + | Russia |
|
||
25(24A+X) | – | Finland |
|
||
8. | A. isoceles (Müller, 1767) | 27(26A+X) | – | USA |
|
25(24A + X) | + | Russia |
|
||
9. | A. juncea (Linnaeus, 1758) | 26(24A+neo-XY) | + | Finland |
|
– » – | + | Former USSR |
|
||
27(26A+X) | + | Italy |
|
||
26(24A+neo-XY) | + | Russia |
|
||
10. | A. mixta Latreille, 1805 | 27(26A+X) | + | Netherlands |
|
25(24A+X) | + | India |
|
||
– » – | + | India |
|
||
27(26A+X) | + | Russia |
|
||
11. | A. nigroflava Martin, 1909 | 27(26A+X) | + | Japan |
|
– » – | – | Russia |
|
||
12. | A. palmata Hagen, 1856 | 27(26A+X) | + | USA |
|
13. | A. serrata Hagen, 1856 | 26(24A+neo-XY) | + | Finland |
|
14. | A. subarctica Walker, 1908 | 27(26A+X) | + | USA |
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– » – | + | Switzerland |
|
||
15. | A. umbrosa Walker, 1908 | 27(26A+X) | + | USA |
|
16. | A. verticalis Hagen, 1861 | 27(26A+X) | + | USA |
|
17. | A. viridis Eversmann, 1836 | 26(24A+neo-XY) | + | Finland |
|
– » – | + | Russia |
|
||
18. | A. walkeri Kennedy, 1917 | 27(26A+X) | + | USA |
|
19. | Anaciaeschna jaspidea (Burmeister, 1839) | 27(26A+X) | + | India |
|
20. | Anax amazili (Burmeister, 1839) | 27(26A+X) | – | Argentina |
|
– » – | + | Argentina |
|
||
21. | A. concolor Brauer, 1865 | 27(26A+X) | + | Surinam |
|
22. | A. ephippiger (Burmeister, 1839) | 13(12A+X) | + | India |
|
14(12A+neo-XY) | + | India |
|
||
23. | A. guttatus (Burmeister, 1839) | 15(14A+X) | + | Nepal |
|
24. | A. immaculiformis Rambur, 1842 | 27(26A+X) | + | India |
|
– » – | + | India |
|
||
25. | A. imperator Leach, 1815 | 27(26A+X) | + | France |
|
– » – | – | Kenya | Wasschner 1985 | ||
– » – | + | Russia |
|
||
26. | A. junius (Drury, 1773) | 27(26A+X) | + | USA |
|
– » – | + | USA |
|
||
– » – | – | Japan |
|
||
– » – | + | USA |
|
||
– » – | – | ||||
27. | A. longipes Hagen, 1861 | 27(26A+X) | + | USA |
|
28. | A. nigrofasciatus Oguma, 1915 | 27(26A+X) | + | Nepal |
|
25(24A+X) | + | India |
|
||
27(26A+X) | + | India |
|
||
– » – | + | India |
|
||
29. | A. papuensis (Burmeister, 1839) | 27(26A+X) | + | Australia |
|
30. | A. parthenope (Selys, 1839) | 27(26A+X) | + | Japan |
|
– » – | + | India |
|
||
– » – | + | China |
|
||
25(24A+X) | + | Japan |
|
||
27(26A+X) | + | India |
|
||
31. | Andaeschna unicolor (Martin, 1908) | 27(26A+X) | + | Bolivia |
|
32. | Austroaeschna anacantha Tillyard, 1908 | 27(26A+X) | + | Australia |
|
33. | A. multipunctata (Martin, 1901) | 27(26A+X) | + | Australia |
|
34. | Basiaeschna janata (Say, 1939) | 25(24A+X) | – | USA |
|
35. | Boyeria maclachlani (Selys, 1883) | 27(26A+X) | + | Japan |
|
36. | B. vinosa (Say, 1839) | 27(26A+X) | – | USA |
|
37. | Caliaeschna microstigma (Schneider, 1845) | 16(14A+neo-XY) | + | Greece |
|
38. | Castoraeschna castor (Brauer, 1865) | 27(26A+X) | + | Brazil |
|
39. | Cephalaeschna orbifrons Selys, 1883 | 25(24A+X) | + | Nepal |
|
40. | Cephalaeschna sp. | 25(24A+X) | + | India |
|
41. | Coryphaeschna adnexa (Hagen, 1961) | 27(26A+X) | – | Bolivia |
|
42. | C. perrensi (McLachlan, 1887) | 25(24A+X) | – | Argentina |
|
27(26A+X) | + | Argentina |
|
||
– » – | + | Argentina |
|
||
43. | C. viriditas Calvert, 1952 | 23(22A+X) | + | Surinam |
|
44. | Gynacantha bayadera Selys, 1891 | 25(24A+X) | + | India |
|
27(26A+X) | + | ||||
45. | G. hyalina Selys, 1882 | 28(26A+XX)* | + | India |
|
46. | G. interioris Williamson, 1923 | 26(24A+neo-XY) | + | Surinam |
|
– » – | + | Brazil |
|
||
47. | G. japonica Bartenev, 1909 | 27(26A+X) | + | Japan |
|
48. | Gynacanthaeschna sikkima (Karsch, 1891) | 27(26A+X) | + | India |
|
49. | Oplonaeschna armata (Hagen, 1861) | 27(26A+X) | + | Mexico |
|
50. | Planaeschna milnei (Selys, 1883) | 27(26A+X) | + | Japan |
|
51. | Remartinia luteipennis (Burmeister, 1839) | 25(24A+X) | + | Surinam |
|
27(26A+X) | + | Brazil |
|
||
52. | Rhionaeschna bonariensis (Rambur, 1842) | 26(24A+neo-XY) | + | Argentina, Uruguay |
|
52. | Rhionaeschna bonariensis (Rambur, 1842) | – » – | + | Argentina, Uruguay |
|
53. | Rh. californica (Calvert, 1895) | 27(26A+X) | + | Canada |
|
54. | Rh. confusa (Rambur, 1842) | 27(26A+X) | + | Argentina, Uruguay |
|
– » – | + | Argentina, Uruguay |
|
||
55. | Rh. diffinis (Rambur, 1842) | 21(20A+X) | + | Bolivia |
|
56. | Rh. intricata (Martin, 1908) | 19(18A+X) | + | Bolivia |
|
57. | Rh. peralta (Ris, 1918) | 27(26A+X) | + | Bolivia |
|
58. | Rh. planaltica (Calvert, 1845) | 16(14A+neo-XY) | + | Argentina |
|
– » – | + | Argentina |
|
||
59. | Staurophlebia reticulata (Burmeister, 1839) | 27(26A+X) | + | Brazil |
|
Petaluroidea | |||||
Petaluridae | |||||
60. | Tachopteryx thoreyi (Hagen, 1857) | 19(18A+X) | + | USA |
|
61. | Tanypteryx hageni (Selys, 1879) | 17(16A+X) | + | USA |
|
62. | T. pryeri (Selys, 1889) | 17(16A+X) | + | Japan |
|
63. | Uropetala carovei (White, 1846) | 17(16A+X)** | + | New Zealand |
|
25(24A+X) | + | New Zealand |
|
||
– » – | + | New Zealand |
|
||
Gomphoidea | |||||
Gomphidae | |||||
64. | Anisogomphus bivittatus (Selys, 1854) | 23(22A+X) | + | India |
|
– » – | + | India |
|
||
65. | A. occipitalis (Selys, 1854) | 23(22A+X) | – | Nepal |
|
66. | Aphylla edentata Selys, 1869 | 23(22A+X) | – | Bolivia |
|
67. | A. producta Selys, 1854 | 23(22A+X) | – | Bolivia |
|
68. | A. theodorina (Navas, 1933) | 23(22A+X) | + | Surinam |
|
– » – | + | Brazil |
|
||
69. | A. williamsoni (Gloyd, 1936) | 23(22A+X) | + | USA |
|
70. | Aphylla sp. | 23(22A+X) | + | Argentina |
|
71. | Arigomphus lentulus (Needham, 1902) | 23(22A+X) | – | USA |
|
72. | A. pallidus (Rambur, 1842) | 23(22A+X) | – | USA |
|
73. | A. submedianus (Williamson, 1914) | 23(22A+X) | – | USA |
|
74. | Asiagomphus melaenops (Selys, 1854) | 23(22A+X) | + | Japan |
|
– » – | + | Japan |
|
||
– » – | + | USA |
|
||
75. | Burmagomphus pyramidalis Laidlaw, 1922 | 23(22A+X) | + | India |
|
76. | Davidius nanus (Selys, 1869) | 23(22A+X) | – | Japan |
|
77. | Dromogomphus spinosus (Selys, 1854) | 23(22A+X) | + | USA |
|
78. | D. spoliatus (Hagen, 1857) | 23(22A+X) | + | USA |
|
79. | Epigomphus llama Calvert, 1903 | 23(22A+X) | – | Bolivia |
|
80. | Erpetogomphus designatus Hagen, 1857 | 23(22A+X) | + | USA |
|
81. | E. diadophis Calvert, 1905 | 23(22A+X) | – | USA |
|
82. | E. ophibolus Calvert, 1905 | 23(22A+X) | + | Mexico |
|
83. | Gomphoides sp. | 23(22A+X) | – | Bolivia |
|
84. | Gomphus confraternus Selys, 1873 | 23(22A+X) | + | USA |
|
85. | G. exilis Selys, 1854 | 23(22A+X) | + | USA |
|
– » – | + | Canada |
|
||
86. | G. graslini Rambur, 1842 | 12(10A+neo-neo-XY) | + | France |
|
87. | G. pulchellus Selys, 1840 | 23(22A+X) | + | France |
|
88. | G. vulgatissimus (Linnaeus, 1758) | 23(22A+X) | – | Russia |
|
89. | Ictinogomphus rapax (Rambur, 1942) | 23(22A+X) | + | India |
|
– » – | + | India |
|
||
– » – | + | India |
|
||
– » – | + | India |
|
||
– » – | + | India |
|
||
90. | Nepogomphus modestus (Selys, 1878) | 23(22A+X) | – | India |
|
– » – | – | India |
|
||
91. | Nihonogomphus ruptus (Selys, 1858) | 23(22A+X) | – | Russia |
|
92. | N. viridis Oguma, 1926 | 23(22A+X) | + | Japan |
|
93. | Nychogomphus duaricus (Fraser, 1924) | 22(20A+neo-XY) | + | India |
|
94. | Octogomphus specularis (Hagen, 1859) | 23(22A+X) | – | USA |
|
95. | Onychogomphus forcipatus (Linnaeus, 1758) | 25(24A+X) | – | Finland |
|
22(20A+neo-XY) | – | Austria |
|
||
25(24A+X) | – | ||||
96. | O. saundersii Selys, 1854 | 22(20A+neo-XY) | + | India |
|
97. | Ophiogomphus bison Selys, 1873 | 23(22A+X) | – | USA |
|
25(24A+X) | – | ||||
98. | O. cecilia (Fourcroy, 1785) | 24(22A+XX)* | – | Finland |
|
23(22A+X) | – | Russia |
|
||
– » – | – | Russia |
|
||
99. | O. colubrinus Selys, 1854 | 23(22A+X) | – | USA |
|
100. | O. obscurus Bartenev, 1909 | 23(22A+X) | – | Russia |
|
101. | O. occidentalis Hagen, 1882 | 23(22A+X) | – | USA |
|
102. | O. rupinsulensis (Walsh, 1862) | 23(22A+X) | – | USA |
|
103. | Phanogomphus lividus (Selys, 1854) | 23(22A+X) | + | USA |
|
104. | Ph. militaris (Hagen, 1858) | 23(22A+X) | – | USA |
|
105. | Ph. spicatus (Selys, 1854) | 23(22A+X) | + | USA |
|
106. | Paragomphus lineatus (Selys, 1850) | 23(22A+X) | – | Nepal |
|
– » – | – | India |
|
||
107. | P. capricornis (Förster, 1914) | 23(22A+X) | – | Thailand |
|
108. | Phyllocycla propinqua Belle, 1972 | 21(20A+X) | – | Argentina |
|
109. | Phyllocycla sp. | 23(22A+X) | – | Bolivia |
|
110. | Phyllocycla sp. 1 | 23(22A+X) | + | Argentina |
|
111. | Phyllocycla sp. 2 | 23(22A+X) | – | Argentina |
|
112. | Phyllogomphoides undulatus (Needham, 1944) | 23(22A+X) | + | Surinam |
|
113. | Progomphus borealis McLachlan, 1873 | 23(22A+X) | – | USA |
|
114. | P. intricatus (Hagen, 1857) | 23(22A+X) | – | Bolivia |
|
115. | P. obscurus (Rambur, 1842) | 23(22A+X) | – | USA |
|
116. | P. phyllochromus Ris, 1918 | 23(22A+X) | + | Bolivia |
|
117. | Scalmogomphus bistrigatus (Hagen, 1854) | 23(22A+X) | – | Nepal |
|
118. | Shaogomphus postocularis (Selys, 1869) | 23(22A+X) | + | Japan |
|
– » – | – | Russia |
|
||
119. | Sieboldius albardae Selys, 1886 | 23(22A+X) | + | Japan |
|
120. | Stylogomphus suzukii (Matsumura, 1926) | 23(22A+X) | + | Japan |
|
– » – | + | Japan |
|
||
121. | Stylurus flavipes (Charpentier, 1825) | 23(22A+X) | + | Russia |
|
122. | S. plagiatus (Selys, 1854) | 23(22A+X) | + | USA |
|
123. | S. scudderi (Selys, 1873) | 23(22A+X) | – | USA |
|
124. | S. townesi Gloyd, 1936 | 22(20A+neo-XY) | – | USA |
|
125. | Temnogomphus bivittatus (Selys, 1854) | 23(22A+X) | + | Nepal |
|
126. | Trigomphus citimus (Needham, 1931) | 21(20A+X) | + | Japan |
|
– » – | + | Japan |
|
||
127. | T. interruptus (Selys, 1854) | 19(18A+X) | + | Japan |
|
– » – | + | Japan |
|
||
– » – | + | Japan |
|
||
– » – | + | Japan |
|
||
128. | T. melampus (Selys, 1869) | 21(20A+X) | – | Japan |
|
129. | Zonophora callipus Selys, 1869 | 23(22A+X) | + | Surinam |
|
Libelluloidea | |||||
Macromiidae | |||||
130. | Didymops transversa (Say, 1839) | 25(24A+X) | + | USA |
|
131. | Epophthalmia frontalis (Selys, 1871) | 25(24A+X) | + | India |
|
132. | Macromia daimoji Okumura, 1949 | 25(24A+X) | – | Japan |
|
133. | M. amphigenia Selys, 1871 | 25(24A+X) | – | Russia |
|
134. | M. magnifica (McLachlan, 1874) | 25(24A+X) | + | USA |
|
– » – | – | ||||
135. | M. moorei Selys, 1874 | 25(24A+X) | + | Nepal |
|
– » – | + | India |
|
||
Corduliidae | |||||
136. | Cordulia aenea (Linnaeus, 1758) | 25(24A+X) | – | Finland |
|
– » – | – | Former USSR |
|
||
– » – | – | Netherlands |
|
||
– » – | – | Russia |
|
||
– » – | – | Bulgaria |
|
||
– » – | – | Russia |
|
||
137. | C. shurtleffi Scudder, 1866 | 25(24A+X) | + | USA |
|
– » – | + | Canada |
|
||
138. | Dorocordulia libera (Selys, 1871) | 11(10A+X) | – | USA |
|
13(12A+X) | – | ||||
14(12A+neo-XY) | – | USA |
|
||
13(12A+X) | – | ||||
139. | Epicordulia princeps (Hagen, 1861) | 25(24A+X) | + | USA |
|
140. | Epitheca bimaculata (Charpentier, 1825) | 25(24A+X) | – | Russia |
|
– » – | – | Russia |
|
||
141. | E. canis McLachlan, 1886 | 25(24A+X) | + | USA |
|
142. | E. cynosura (Say, 1839) | 19(18A+X) | – | USA |
|
21(20A+X) | – | ||||
143. | E. petechialis (Muttkowski, 1911) | 21(20A+X) | – | USA |
|
144. | E. semiaquea (Burmeister, 1839) | 25(24A+X) | – | USA |
|
145. | E. spinigera (Selys, 1871) | 25(24A+X) | + | USA |
|
27(26A+X) | – | USA |
|
||
146. | Procordulia grayi (Selys, 1871) | 25(24A+X) | + | New Zealand |
|
147. | P. smithii (White, 1846) | 25(24A+X) | + | New Zealand |
|
148. | Rialla villosa Rambur, 1842 | 25(24A+X) | + | Argentina |
|
149. | Somatochlora alpestris (Selys, 1840) | 25(24A+X) | – | Switzerland |
|
27(26A+X) | + | ||||
150. | S. arctica (Zetterstedt, 1840) | 25(24A+X) | + | Russia |
|
151. | S. borisi Marinov, 2001 | 20(18A+XY) | – | Bulgaria |
|
152. | S. flavomaculata (Van der Linden, 1825) | 25(24A+X) | – | Former USSR |
|
– » – | – | Russia |
|
||
– » – | + | Russia |
|
||
153. | S. graeseri Selys, 1887 | 25(24A+X) | – | Russia |
|
154. | S. meridionalis Nielsen, 1935 | 25(24A+X) | – | Slovenia |
|
– » – | – | Bulgaria |
|
||
155. | S. metallica (Van der Linden, 1825) | 26(24A+XX)* | – | Finland |
|
25(24A+X) | – | Finland |
|
||
– » – | – | Finland |
|
||
– » – | – | Russia |
|
||
156. | S. semicircularis (Selys, 1871) | 25(24A+X) | – | USA |
|
157. | S. uchidai Fürster, 1909 | 25(24A+X) | + | Japan |
|
– » – | + | Japan |
|
||
158. | S. viridiaenea (Uhler, 1858) | 25(24A+X) | – | Japan |
|
– » – | – | Japan |
|
||
Libellulidae | |||||
159. | Acisoma panorpoides Rambur, 1842 | 25(24A+X) | + | Bangladesh, India |
|
– » – | + | Nepal |
|
||
– » – | + | Thailand |
|
||
– » – | + | India |
|
||
160. | Aethriamanta brevipennis (Rambur, 1842) | 25(24A+X) | + | India |
|
161. | Anatya guttata (Erichson, 1848) | 25(24A+X) | – | Surinam |
|
162. | Atoconeura biordinata Karsch, 1899 | 21(20A+X) | + | Sudan |
|
163. | Brachydiplax chalybea Brauer, 1868 | 25(24A+X) | + | India |
|
– » – | + | India | Taygi 1982 | ||
– » – | + | Thailand |
|
||
– » – | + | India |
|
||
164. | B. farinosa Krueger, 1902 | 25(24A+X) | + | India |
|
– » – | + | India | Taygi 1982 | ||
– » – | – | Thailand |
|
||
165. | B. sobrina (Rambur, 1842) | 25(24A+X) | + | India | |
– » – | + | India | Taygi 1982 | ||
– » – | + | Nepal |
|
||
166. | Brachvmesia furcata (Hagen, 1861) | 25(24A+X) | + | Surinam |
|
– » – | + | Argentina |
|
||
– » – | – | Brazil |
|
||
– » – | – | Brazil | |||
167. | B. gravida (Calvert, 1890) | 25(24A+X) | + | USA |
|
168. | B. herbida (Gundlach, 1889) | 25(24A+X) | + | Jamaica |
|
169. | Brachythemis contaminata (Fabricius, 1793) | 25(24A+X) | + | India |
|
– » – | + | India |
|
||
– » – | + | India |
|
||
– » – | + | India |
|
||
– » – | + | Nepal |
|
||
– » – | + | India |
|
||
– » – | + | Thailand |
|
||
170. | B. lacustris (Kirby, 1899) | 25(24A+X) | + | Sudan |
|
171. | Bradinopyga cornuta Ris, 1911 | 25(24A+X) | + | Republic of South Africa |
|
172. | B. geminata (Rambur, 1842) | 25(24A+X) | + | India |
|
– » – | + | India |
|
||
173. | Brechmorhoga mendax (Hagen, 1861) | 25(24A+X) | + | USA |
|
– » – | – | ||||
174. | B. nubecula (Rambur, 1842) | 25(24A+X) | + | Bolivia |
|
175. | B. pertinax (Hagen, 1861) | 25(24A+X) | – | Bolivia |
|
176. | Cannaphila vibex (Hagen, 1861) | 25(24A+X) | + | Bolivia |
|
177. | Celithemis amanda (Hagen, 1861) | 25(24A+X) | + | USA |
|
178. | C. elisa (Hagen, 1861) | 25(24A+X) | + | USA |
|
179. | C. fasciata Kirby, 1889 | 25(24A+X) | + | USA |
|
180. | C. ornata (Rambur, 1842) | 25(24A+X) | + | USA |
|
181. | Crocothemis erythraea (Brulle, 1832) | 25(24A+X) | + | India |
|
– » – | + | Kenya |
|
||
– » – | + | Italy |
|
||
– » – | + | India |
|
||
– » – | + | Republic of South Africa |
|
||
– » – | + | India |
|
||
182. | C. sanguinolenta (Burmeister, 1839) | 25(24A+X) | + | Kingdom of Eswatini (Former Swaziland) |
|
183. | C. servilia (Drury, 1773) | 25(24A+X) | + | India |
|
– » – | + | India |
|
||
– » – | + | India |
|
||
– » – | + | India | |||
– » – | + | Nepal |
|
||
– » – | + | Philippines |
|
||
– » – | + | Nepal |
|
||
– » – | + | India |
|
||
– » – | + | Thailand |
|
||
– » – | + | Japan |
|
||
– » – | + | Japan |
|
||
– » – | + | Japan, Taiwan |
|
||
24(22A+neo-XY) | + | Japan |
|
||
– » – | – | Japan |
|
||
– » – | – | Japan |
|
||
– » – | – | Japan |
|
||
184. | Dasythemis esmeralda Ris, 1910 | 25(24A+X) | + | Bolivia |
|
185. | D. mincki (Karsch, 1890) | 25(24A+X) | + | Brazil | |
186. | D. venosa (Burmeister, 1839) | 25(24A+X) | + | Brazil |
|
187. | Diastatops intensa Montgomery, 1940 | 25(24A+X) | + | Bolivia |
|
188. | D. obscura (Fabricius, 1775) | 25(24A+X) | + | Bolivia |
|
189. | D. pullata (Burmeister, 1839) | 23(22A+X) | + | Surinam |
|
190. | Diplacodes bipunctata (Brauer, 1865) | 25(24A+X) | + | Australia |
|
29(28A+X) | + | ||||
191. | D. haematodes (Burmeister, 1839) | 25(24A+X) | + | Australia |
|
23(22A+X) | – | ||||
192. | D. lefebvrei (Rambur, 1842) | 25(24A+X) | + | Madagascar |
|
193. | D. nebulosa (Fabricius, 1793) | 25(24A+X) | + | India |
|
– » – | + | India |
|
||
– » – | + | India |
|
||
194. | D. trivialis (Rambur, 1842) | 25(24A+X) | + | India |
|
– » – | + | India |
|
||
– » – | + | India |
|
||
– » – | + | Australia |
|
||
– » – | + | Nepal |
|
||
– » – | + | India |
|
||
195. | Dythemis fugax Hagen, 1861 | 25(24A+X) | + | USA |
|
196. | D. multipunctata Kirby, 1894 | 25(24A+X) | + | Surinam |
|
– » – | + | Brazil |
|
||
197. | D. rufinefris (Burmeister, 1839) | 25(24A+X) | + | Jamaica |
|
198. | D. velox Hagen, 1861 | 25(24A+X) | + | Bolivia |
|
– » – | + | Peru |
|
||
199. | Elasmothemis cannacrioides (Calvert, 1906) | 21(20A+X) | – | Bolivia |
|
23(22A+X) | + | Surinam |
|
||
– » – | + | Brazil |
|
||
200. | E. williamsoni (Ris, 1919) | 22(20A+neo-XY) | – | Surinam |
|
25(24A+X) | – | ||||
201. | Erythemis attala (Selys, 1857) | 25(24A+X) | – | Bolivia |
|
– » – | + | Argentina |
|
||
202. | E. collocata (Hagen, 1861) | 25(24A+X) | + | USA |
|
203. | E. credula (Hagen, 1861) | 25(24A+X) | + | Surinam |
|
204. | E. haematogastra (Burmeister, 1839) | 25(24A+X) | – | Surinam |
|
205. | E. peruviana (Rambur, 1842) | 25(24A+X) | – | Surinam |
|
206. | E. plebeja (Burmeister, 1839) | 25(24A+X) | – | Bolivia |
|
207. | E. simplicicollis (Say, 1839) | 25(24A+X) | + | USA |
|
208. | E. vesiculosa (Fabricius, 1775) | 25(24A+X) | – | Bolivia |
|
– » – | – | Surinam |
|
||
– » – | + | Brasil |
|
||
209. | Erythrodiplax anomala (Brauer, 1865) | 25(24A+X) | + | Brazil | |
210. | E. atroterminala Ris, 1911 | 25(24A+X) | + | Uruguay | |
– » – | + | Argentina |
|
||
211. | E. attenuata (Kirby, 1889) | 25(24A+X) | + | Surinam |
|
– » – | + | Brasil |
|
||
212. | E. basalis (Kirby, 1897) | 25(24A+X) | – | Bolivia |
|
– » – | + | Surinam |
|
||
– » – | + | Brasil |
|
||
213. | E. berenice (Drury, 1770) | 25(24A+X) | – | USA |
|
27(26A+X) | + | USA |
|
||
25(24A+X) | + | ||||
214. | E. castanea (Burmeister, 1839) | 25(24A+X) | – | Bolivia |
|
215. | E. chromoptera Borror, 1942 | 23(22A+X) | + | Uruguay | |
216. | E. cleopatra Ris, 1911 | 25(24A+X) | + | Peru |
|
217. | E. connata (Burmeister, 1839) | 25(24A+X) | + | Chile |
|
– » – | + | USA |
|
||
218. | E. coralline (Brauer, 1865) | 25(24A+X) | + | Argentina |
|
219. | E. famula (Erichson, 1848) | 25(24A+X) | + | Brazil | |
220. | E. fusca (Rambur, 1842) | 25(24A+X) | – | Bolivia |
|
– » – | – | Guatemala |
|
||
– » – | + | Surinam |
|
||
– » – | + | Brazil |
|
||
– » – | + | Brazil | |||
– » – | + | Argentina |
|
||
221. | E. fervida (Erichson, 1848) | 25(24A+X) | + | Jamaica |
|
222. | E. justiniana (Selys, 1857) | 25(24A+X) | + | Jamaica |
|
223. | E. juliana Ris, 1911 | 25(24A+X) | + | Brazil | |
224. | E. latimaculata Ris, 1911 | 25(24A+X) | + | Surinam |
|
– » – | + | Brasil |
|
||
225. | E. lygaea Ris, 1911 | 25(24A+X) | + | Argentina |
|
– » – | + | Argentina |
|
||
226. | E. media Borror, 1942 | 21(20A+X) | + | Bolivia |
|
22(20A+XX)* | + | Brazil |
|
||
21(20A+X) | + | Surinam |
|
||
– » – | + | Brasil |
|
||
22(20A+neo-XY) | + | Argentina |
|
||
227. | E. melanorubra Borror, 1942 | 25(24A+X) | + | Bolivia |
|
– » – | + | Venezuela |
|
||
– » – | + | Argentina |
|
||
– » – | + | Argentina |
|
||
228. | E. minuscula (Rambur, 1842) | 25(24A+X) | + | USA |
|
22(20A+neo-XY) | + | Argentina |
|
||
229. | E. nigricans (Rambur, 1842) | 25(24A+X) | + | Uruguay | |
229. | E. nigricans (Rambur, 1842) | – » – | + | Argentina |
|
– » – | – | Argentina |
|
||
– » – | + | Argentina |
|
||
230. | E. ochracea (Burmeister, 1839) | 25(24A+X) | + | Argentina |
|
231. | E. paraguayensis (Foerster, 1904) | 23(22A+X) | + | Bolivia |
|
– » – | + | Surinam |
|
||
232. | E. umbrata (Linnaeus, 1758) | 25(24A+X) | + | Bolivia |
|
– » – | + | Dominica |
|
||
– » – | + | Surinam |
|
||
– » – | + | Brazil |
|
||
– » – | + | Argentina |
|
||
233. | E. unimaculata (DeGeer, 1773) | 25(24A+X) | + | Bolivia |
|
– » – | + | Surinam |
|
||
234. | Hydrobasileus croceus (Brauer, 1867) | 25(24A+X) | + | India |
|
235. | Ladona julia (Uhler, 1857) | 25(24A+X) | + | USA |
|
236. | Lathrecista asiatica (Fabricius, 1798) | 25(24A+X) | + | India |
|
– » – | + | India |
|
||
237. | Leucorrhinia albifrons (Burmeister, 1839) | 25(24A+X) | + | Former USSR |
|
238. | L. dubia (Van der Linden, 1825) | 26(24A+XX)* | – | Finland |
|
25(24A+X) | + | Russia |
|
||
239. | L. frigida Hagen, 1890 | 21(20A+X) | – | USA |
|
23(22A+X) | + | ||||
240. | L. glacialis Hagen, 1890 | 25(24A+X) | + | USA |
|
241. | L. hudsonica (Selys, 1850) | 25(24A+X) | + | USA |
|
– » – | – | ||||
242. | L. intacta (Hagen, 1861) | 25(24A+X) | + | USA |
|
– » – | – | ||||
243. | L. pectoralis (Charpentier, 1825) | 26(24A+XX)* | – | Finland |
|
244. | L. proxima Calvert, 1890 | 25(24A+X) | + | USA |
|
245. | L. rubicunda (Linnaeus, 1857) | 25(24A+X) | – | Finland |
|
– » – | – | Former USSR |
|
||
– » – | – | Russia |
|
||
246. | Libellula angelina Selys, 1883 | 25(24A+X) | + | Japan |
|
– » – | + | Japan |
|
||
247. | L. auripennis Burmeister, 1839 | 25(24A+X) | + | USA |
|
248. | L. axilena Westwood, 1837 | 23(22A+X) | – | USA |
|
249. | L. basalis (Say, 1840) | 25(24A+X) | – | USA |
|
250. | L. composita (Hagen, 1873) | 25(24A+X) | + | USA |
|
251. | L. croceipennis Selys, 1868 | 25(24A+X) | + | USA |
|
252. | L. cyanea Fabricius, 1775 | 25(24A+X) | – | USA |
|
253. | L. depressa Linnaeus, 1758 | 23(22A+X) | – | Belgium |
|
– » – | – | England |
|
||
25(24A+X) | + | Austria |
|
||
23(22A+X) | – | ||||
25(24A+X) | + | France |
|
||
– » – | + | Croatia |
|
||
– » – | + | Russia |
|
||
– » – | + | Russia |
|
||
254. | L. flavida Rambur, 1842 | 25(24A+X) | + | USA |
|
255. | L. forensis Hagen, 1861 | 25(24A+X) | + | USA |
|
256. | L. fulva Muller, 1764 | 25(24A+X) | + | Switzerland |
|
27(26A+X) | + | Croatia |
|
||
257. | L. insecta Hagen, 1861 | 25(24A+X) | – | USA |
|
– » – | – | USA |
|
||
258. | L. luctuosa Burmeister, 1839 | 25(24A+X) | – | USA |
|
259. | L. pulchella Drury, 1773 | 25(24A+X) | + | USA |
|
– » – | + | Canada |
|
||
260. | L. quadrimaculata Linnaeus, 1758 | 25(24A+X) | + | Japan |
|
260. | L. quadrimaculata Linnaeus, 1758 | 25(24A+X) | + | Japan |
|
– » – | + | Japan |
|
||
– » – | + | Japan |
|
||
– » – | + | Former USSR |
|
||
– » – | + | Finland |
|
||
– » – | + | Former USSR |
|
||
– » – | + | Netherlands |
|
||
– » – | + | USA |
|
||
– » – | + | Russia |
|
||
– » – | + | Russia |
|
||
261. | L. saturata Uhler, 1857 | 25(24A+X) | + | USA |
|
262. | L. semifasciata Burmeister, 1839 | 25(24A+X) | + | USA |
|
263. | L. vibrans Fabricius, 1793 | 25(24A+X) | + | USA |
|
264. | Lyriothemis pachygastra (Selys, 1878) | 25(24A+X) | – | Japan |
|
265. | Macrothemis declivata Calvert, 1909 | 23(22A+X) | + | Brazil |
|
266. | M. hemichlora (Burmeister, 1839) | 6(4A+neo-XY) | – | Bolivia |
|
267. | M. imitans Karsch, 1890 | 25(24A+X) | + | Brazil |
|
268. | M. mortoni Ris, 1913 | 25(24A+X) | + | Bolivia |
|
269. | M. musiva Calvert, 1898 | 25(24A+X) | + | Bolivia |
|
270. | Macrothemis sp. | 25(24A+X) | + | Argentina |
|
271. | Miathyria artemis (Selys, 1857) | 25(24A+X) | + | Surinam |
|
272. | M. marcella (Selys, 1857) | 25(24A+X) | + | Bolivia |
|
– » – | + | Surinam |
|
||
– » – | + | Argentina |
|
||
– » – | + | Brazil |
|
||
273. | Micrathyria artemis Ris, 1911 | 25(24A+X) | + | Brazil |
|
– » – | + | Brazil | |||
274. | M. atra (Martin, 1897) | 25(24A+X) | + | Bolivia |
|
275. | M. catenata Calvert, 1909 | 25(24A+X) | + | Brazil | |
– » – | + | Argentina |
|
||
276. | M. didyma (Selys, 1857) | 25(24A+X) | + | Jamaica |
|
277. | M. exima Kirby, 1897 | 25(24A+X) | + | Surinam |
|
278. | M. hagenii Kirby, 1890 | 25(24A+X) | + | Jamaica |
|
279. | M. hesperis Ris, 1911 | 25(24A+X) | + | Surinam |
|
– » – | + | Brazil |
|
||
– » – | + | Argentina |
|
||
280. | M. hypodydima Calvert 1906 | 23(22A+X) | + | Brazil | |
25(24A+X) | + | Argentina |
|
||
281. | M. iheringi Santos, 1946 | 23(22A+X) | + | Bolivia |
|
282. | M. laevigata Calvert, 1909 | 25(24A+X) | + | Bolivia |
|
– » – | + | Brazil |
|
||
283. | M. longifasciata Calvert, 1909 | 24(22A+neo-XY) | – | Argentina |
|
284. | M. ocellata (Martin, 1897) | 25(24A+X) | + | Bolivia |
|
285. | M. spuria (Selys, 1900) | 25(24A+X) | + | Bolivia |
|
– » – | + | Argentina |
|
||
286. | M. stawiarskii Santos, 1953 | 25(24A+X) | + | Brazil | |
287. | M. ungulata Foerster, 1907 | 23(20A+X1X2Y) | – | Argentina |
|
288. | M. cf. eximia Kirby, 1879 | 21(20A+X) | – | Bolivia |
|
289. | M. sp. (ungulata Foerster, 1907-group) | 23(22A+X) | – | Bolivia |
|
290. | Nannothemis bella (Uhler, 1857) | 25(24A+X) | + | USA |
|
291. | Nesciothemis farinosa (Foerster, 1898) | 25(24A+X) | + | Kenya |
|
– » – | + | Kenya |
|
||
292. | Nesogonia blackburni (McLachlan, 1883) | 25(24A+X) | + | Hawaii |
|
293. | Neurothemis fulvia (Drury, 1773) | 25(24A+X) | + | Nepal |
|
294. | N. intermedia (Rambur, 1842) | 25(24A+X) | + | Nepal |
|
– » – | + | Nepal |
|
||
295. | N. terminata Ris, 1911 | 25(24A+X) | + | Philippines |
|
296. | N. tullia (Drury, 1773) | 28(26A+neo-XY) | + | India | |
– » – | + | India |
|
||
– » – | + | India |
|
||
25(24A+X) | + | Thailand |
|
||
297. | Oligoclada amphinome Ris, 1919 | 25(24A+X) | + | Surinam |
|
298. | O. laetitia Ris, 1911 | 23(22A+X) | + | Argentina |
|
21(20A+X) | – | Brazil | |||
299. | O. monosticha Borror, 1931 | 23(22A+X) | + | Surinam |
|
– » – | + | Brazil |
|
||
300. | O. pachystigma Karsch, 1890 | 23(22A+X) | + | Brazil | |
301. | Orthemis aequilibris Calvert, 1909 | 12(10A+neo-XY) | – | Surinam |
|
302. | O. ambinigra Calvert, 1909 | 12(10A+neo-XY) | – | Argentina |
|
303. | O. biolleyi Calvert, 1906 | 23(22A+X) | + | Bolivia |
|
304. | O. cultiformis Calvert, 1906 | 23(22A+X) | + | Bolivia |
|
– » – | + | Surinam |
|
||
– » – | + | Brazil |
|
||
305. | O. discolor Burmeister, 1839 | 23(22A+X) | + | Argentina |
|
306. | O. ferruginea (Fabricius, 1775) | 10(8A+neo-XY)*** | – | Bolivia |
|
23(22A+X) | – | USA | |||
– » – | + | Guatemala, Dominica |
|
||
– » – | + | Peru |
|
||
– » – | + | Peru |
|
||
23(22A+X) | + | Surinam |
|
||
25(24A+X) | + | ||||
23(22A+X) | + | Brazil |
|
||
23(22A+X) | – | Brazil, Argentina |
|
||
24(22A+XX)* | + | ||||
307. | O. levis Calvert, 1906 | 6(4A+neo-XY)*** | – | Bolivia |
|
8(6A+neo-XY)*** | – | ||||
308. | O. nodiplaga Karsch, 1891 | 41(40A+X) | – | Argentina |
|
309. | Orthetrum abbotti Calvert, 1892 | 25(24A+X) | + | Kingdom of Eswatini (Former Swaziland) |
|
310. | O. albistylum (Selys, 1848) | 25(24A+X) | + | Italy |
|
– » – | + | Russia |
|
||
– » – | + | Japan |
|
||
– » – | + | India |
|
||
– » – | + | Japan |
|
||
311. | O. azureum (Rambur, 1842) | 25(24A+X) | + | Madagascar |
|
312. | O. brachiale (Beauvois, 1805) | 21(20A+X) | – | Kenya |
|
25(24A+X) | + | Burkina Faso (Former Voltiac Republic) |
|
||
313. | O. brunneum (Fonscolombe, 1837) | 25(24A+X) | + | Italy |
|
– » – | + | Russia |
|
||
314. | O. cancellatum (Linnaeus, 1758) | 25(24A+X) | + | Finland |
|
– » – | + | India |
|
||
– » – | + | Netherlands |
|
||
– » – | + | India |
|
||
– » – | + | Russia |
|
||
315. | O. chrysostigma (Burmeister, 1839) | 25(24A+X) | + | Burkina Faso (Former Voltiac Republic) |
|
– » – | + | Kingdom of Eswatini (Former Swaziland) |
|
||
– » – | + | Kenya |
|
||
316. | O. coerulescens (Fabricius, 1798) | 25(24A+X) | + | Austria |
|
23(22A+X) | – | ||||
25(24A+X) | + | Italy |
|
||
27(26A+X) | + | ||||
317. | O. glaucum (Brauer, 1865) | 25(24A+X) | + | India |
|
– » – | + | India |
|
||
– » – | + | India |
|
||
– » – | + | India |
|
||
– » – | + | India |
|
||
– » – | + | India |
|
||
– » – | + | India |
|
||
318. | O. guineese (Ris, 1909) | 25(24A+X) | + | Burkina Faso (Former Voltiac Republic) |
|
319. | O. japonicum (Uhler, 1858) | 25(24A+X) | + | Japan |
|
– » – | + | Japan |
|
||
– » – | + | Japan |
|
||
– » – | + | Nepal |
|
||
– » – | + | Nepal |
|
||
320. | O. julia Kirby, 1900 | 25(24A+X) | + | Kingdom of Eswatini (Former Swaziland) |
|
– » – | + | Kenya |
|
||
321. | O. luzonicum (Brauer, 1868) | 25(24A+X) | + | Nepal |
|
– » – | + | Nepal |
|
||
– » – | + | India |
|
||
– » – | + | India |
|
||
322. | O. melania (Selys, 1883) | 25(24A+X) | + | Japan |
|
– » – | + | Japan |
|
||
– » – | + | Russia |
|
||
323. | O. monardi (Schmidt, 1951) | 25(24A+X) | + | Burkina Faso (Former Voltiac Republic) |
|
324. | O. poecilops (Ris, 1916) | 25(24A+X) | + | Japan |
|
325. | O. pruinosum (Burmeister, 1839) | 25(24A+X) | + | India |
|
– » – | + | Taiwan |
|
||
– » – | + | India |
|
||
– » – | + | India |
|
||
– » – | + | India |
|
||
– » – | + | Nepal |
|
||
– » – | + | India |
|
||
– » – | + | India |
|
||
326. | O. sabina (Drury, 1773) | 25(24A+X) | + | India |
|
– » – | + | India |
|
||
– » – | + | India |
|
||
– » – | + | India | |||
– » – | + | Nepal |
|
||
326. | O. sabina (Drury, 1773) | – » – | + | India |
|
– » – | + | India |
|
||
– » – | + | India |
|
||
327. | O. taeniolatum (Schneider, 1845) | 25(24A+X) | + | Greece |
|
– » – | + | Nepal |
|
||
– » – | + | India |
|
||
– » – | + | India |
|
||
– » – | + | India |
|
||
– » – | + | India |
|
||
– » – | + | India |
|
||
– » – | + | India |
|
||
– » – | + | India |
|
||
328. | O. testaceum (Burmeister, 1839) | 25(24A+X) | + | Nepal |
|
329. | O. triangulare (Selys, 1878) | 25(24A+X) | + | Japan |
|
– » – | + | Taiwan |
|
||
– » – | + | Nepal |
|
||
– » – | + | India |
|
||
– » – | + | India |
|
||
– » – | + | India |
|
||
– » – | + | India |
|
||
330. | Pachydiplax longipennis (Burmeister, 1839) | 25(24A+X) | – | USA |
|
– » – | + | USA |
|
||
– » – | + | USA |
|
||
331. | Palpopleura jucunda Rambur, 1842 | 25(24A+X) | + | Kingdom of Eswatini (Former Swaziland) |
|
332. | P. lucia (Drury, 1773) | 25(24A+X) | + | Burkina Faso (Former Voltiac Republic) |
|
– » – | + | Kenya |
|
||
333. | P. sexmaculata (Fabricius, 1787) | 25(24A+X) | + | Nepal |
|
– » – | + | India |
|
||
334. | Pantala flavescens (Fabricius, 1798) | 25(24A+X) | + | India |
|
– » – | + | India |
|
||
– » – | + | India |
|
||
– » – | + | India |
|
||
– » – | + | India |
|
||
– » – | + | Bolivia |
|
||
– » – | + | Madagascar |
|
||
– » – | + | Surinam |
|
||
– » – | + | Brazil |
|
||
– » – | + | Kingdom of Eswatini (Former Swaziland) |
|
||
– » – | + | Brazil | |||
– » – | + | Argentina |
|
||
– » – | + | India |
|
||
– » – | + | Russia |
|
||
23(22A+X) | + | India |
|
||
335. | P. hymenaea (Say, 1836) | 25(24A+X) | + | Bolivia |
|
– » – | + | USA |
|
||
336. | Perithemis cornelia Ris, 1910 | 25(24A+X) | – | Bolivia |
|
337. | P. domitia (Drury, 1773) | 25(24A+X) | + | Jamaica |
|
338. | P. electra Ris, 1928 | 25(24A+X) | – | Bolivia |
|
339. | P. icteroptera (Selys in Sagra, 1857) | 25(24A+X) | + | Argentina |
|
340. | P. lais (Petry, 1834) | 17(16A+X) | – | Bolivia |
|
– » – | – | Surinam |
|
||
– » – | – | Brazil |
|
||
341. | P. mooma Kirby, 1889 | 25(24A+X) | + | Bolivia |
|
– » – | + | Surinam |
|
||
– » – | – | Brazil |
|
||
– » – | + | Argentina |
|
||
342. | P. tenera (Say, 1839) | 25(24A+X) | + | USA |
|
343. | P. seminole Calvert, 1907 | 25(24A+X) | + | USA |
|
344. | Perithemis sp. | 25(24A+X) | – | Bolivia |
|
345. | Planiplax erythropyga (Karsch, 1891) | 25(24A+X) | + | Argentina |
|
– » – | + | – » – |
|
||
346. | P. sanguiniventris (Calvert, 1907) | 25(24A+X) | + | USA |
|
347. | Plathemis lydia (Drury, 1773) | 25(24A+X) | + | USA |
|
– » – | + | USA |
|
||
348. | Potamarcha congener (Rambur, 1842) | 25(24A+X) | + | India |
|
– » – | + | India |
|
||
– » – | + | India |
|
||
– » – | + | India |
|
||
– » – | + | India |
|
||
– » – | + | India |
|
||
– » – | + | India |
|
||
349. | Pseudothemis zonata (Burmeister, 1839) | 24(22A+neo-XY) | – | Japan |
|
350. | Pseudotramea prateri Fraser, 1920 | 25(24A+X) | + | Nepal |
|
351. | Rhodopygia cardinalis (Erichson, 1848) | 25(24A+X) | + | Bolivia |
|
352. | R. geijskesi Belle, 1964 | 25(24A+X) | + | Surinam |
|
353. | Rhodothemis rufa (Rambur, 1842) | 25(24A+X) | + | India |
|
354. | Rhyothemis fuliginosa Selys, 1883 | 25(24A+X) | + | Japan |
|
– » – | + | Japan |
|
||
– » – | + | Japan |
|
||
25(24A+X) | + | Japan |
|
||
23(22A+X) | + | ||||
355. | R. variegata (Linnaeus et Johansson, 1763) | 25(24A+X) | + | India | |
– » – | + | Nepal |
|
||
356. | Scapanea frontalis (Burmeister, 1839) | 25(24A+X) | + | Jamaica |
|
357. | Sympetrum commixtum (Selys, 1884) | 25(24A+X) | – | India |
|
358. | S. corruptum (Hagen, 1861 | 25(24A+X) | + | USA |
|
– » – | + | USA |
|
||
359. | S. costiferum (Hagen, 1861) | 25(24A+X) | + | USA |
|
360. | S. croceolum (Selys, 1840) | 25(24A+X) | + | Russia |
|
361. | S. danae (Sulzer, 1776) | 25(24A+X) | + | Former USSR |
|
– » – | + | Finland |
|
||
– » – | + | USA |
|
||
– » – | + | Russia |
|
||
– » – | + | Russia |
|
||
362. | S. eroticum (Selys, 1883) | 21(20A+X) | – | Japan |
|
– » – | – | Japan |
|
||
– » – | – | Japan |
|
||
363. | S. flaveolum (Linnaeus, 1758) | 25(24A+X) | + | Former USSR |
|
– » – | + | Russia |
|
||
364. | S. fonscolombii (Selys, 1840) | 25(24A+X) | + | Russia |
|
365. | S. frequens (Selys, 1883) | 23(22A+X) | – | Japan |
|
– » – | – | Japan |
|
||
– » – | – | Japan |
|
||
366. | S. infuscatum (Selys, 1883) | 25(24A+X) | + | Russia |
|
367. | S. internum Montgomery, 1943 | 27(26A+X) | + | Canada |
|
368. | S. madidum (Hagen, 1861) | 25(24A+X) | + | USA |
|
368. | S. madidum (Hagen, 1861) | – » – | + | Canada |
|
369. | S. meridionale (Selys, 1841) | 25(24A+X) | + | Switzerland |
|
370. | S. obtrusum (Hagen, 1867) | 25(24A+X) | + | USA |
|
371. | S. parvulum Bartenev, 1912 | 25(24A+X) | + | Japan |
|
372. | S. pedemontanum Müller in Allioni, 1766 | 25(24A+X) | + | Japan |
|
– » – | + | Japan |
|
||
– » – | + | Japan |
|
||
– » – | + | Switzerland |
|
||
– » – | + | Russia |
|
||
– » – | + | Russia |
|
||
373. | S. rubicundulum (Say, 1839) | 25(24A+X) | + | USA |
|
374. | S. sanguineum (Müller, 1764) | 25(24A+X) | + | Italy |
|
– » – | + | Russia |
|
||
375. | S. semicinctum (Say, 1839) | 25(24A+X) | + | USA |
|
– » – | + | USA |
|
||
376. | S. striolatum (Charpentier, 1840) | 25(24A+X) | – | Luxembourg |
|
377. | S. vicinum (Hagen, 1861) | 25(24A+X) | + | USA |
|
378. | S. vulgatum (Linnaeus, 1758) | 25(24A+X) | + | Netherland |
|
– » – | + | Russia |
|
||
– » – | + | Russia |
|
||
379. | Tarnetrum illotum (Hagen, 1861) | 25(24A+X) | + | Jamaica |
|
– » – | + | USA |
|
||
380. | Tauriphila australis (Hagen, 1867) | 25(24A+X) | + | Bolivia |
|
381. | T. azteca Calvert, 1906 | 25(24A+X) | + | Mexico |
|
382. | T. risi Martin 1896 | 25(24A+X) | + | Argentina, Uruguay |
|
383. | Tholymis citrina Hagen, 1867 | 25(24A+X) | + | Surinam |
|
– » – | + | Brazil |
|
||
384. | Th. tillagra (Fabricius, 1798) | 25(24A+X) | + | India |
|
– » – | + | Nepal |
|
||
– » – | + | Thailand |
|
||
385. | Tramea abdominalis (Rambur, 1842) | 25(24A+X) | – | Bolivia |
|
386. | T. basilaris (Palisot de Beauvois, 1817) | 25(24A+X) | + | India |
|
– » – | + | India |
|
||
– » – | + | Nepal |
|
||
– » – | + | India |
|
||
387. | T. binotata (Rambur, 1842) | 25(24A+X) | + | Surinam |
|
– » – | – | Brazil |
|
||
388. | T. carolina (Linnaeus, 1763) | 25(24A+X) | – | USA |
|
– » – | – | USA |
|
||
389. | T. cophysa (Hagen, 1867) | 25(24A+X) | + | Bolivia |
|
390. | T. lacerata (Hagen, 1861) | 25(24A+X) | – | USA |
|
391. | T. limbata (Desjardins, 1832) | 25(24A+X) | + | India |
|
– » – | + | India |
|
||
– » – | + | India |
|
||
392. | T. virginia (Rambur, 1842) | 25(24A+X) | + | India |
|
– » – | + | India |
|
||
– » – | + | India |
|
||
393. | Trithemis annulata (Palisot de Beauvois, 1805) | 25(24A+X) | – | Republic of South Africa |
|
– » – | + | Kenya |
|
||
394. | T. arteriosa (Burmeister, 1839) | 25(24A+X) | + | Kingdom of Eswatini (Former Swaziland) |
|
395. | T. atra Pinhey, 1961 | 25(24A+X) | + | Burkina Faso (Former Voltiac Republic) |
|
396. | T. aurora (Burmeister, 1839) | 25(24A+X) | + | India |
|
– » – | + | Nepal |
|
||
– » – | + | India |
|
||
397. | T. dorsalis (Rambur, 1842) | 25(24A+X) | + | Kingdom of Eswatini (Former Swaziland) |
|
398. | T. festiva (Rambur, 1842) | 25(24A+X) | + | Nepal |
|
– » – | + | India |
|
||
– » – | + | India |
|
||
399. | T. furva Karsch, 1899 | 25(24A+X) | + | Sudan |
|
400. | T. imiata Pinhey, 1961 | 25(24A+X) | – | Burkina Faso (Former Voltiac Republic) |
|
401. | T. kirbyi Selys, 1891 | 25(24A+X) | – | Burkina Faso (Former Voltiac Republic) |
|
– » – | + | Kenya |
|
||
402. | T. pallidinervis (Kirby, 1889) | 25(24A+X) | + | India |
|
– » – | + | India |
|
||
– » – | + | India |
|
||
– » – | + | India |
|
||
– » – | + | Philippines |
|
||
403. | T. werneri Ris, 1912 | 25(24A+X) | + | Kenya |
|
404. | Uracis imbuta (Burmeister, 1839) | 25(24A+X) | + | Surinam |
|
– » – | + | Brazil |
|
||
405. | U. ovipositrix Calvert, 1909 | 25(24A+X) | + | Surinam |
|
– » – | – | Brazil |
|
||
406. | Urothemis edwardsi (Selys, 1849) | 25(24A+X) | + | Sudan |
|
407. | U. signata (Rambur, 1842) | 25(24A+X) | + | India |
|
– » – | + | India |
|
||
– » – | + | Nepal |
|
||
– » – | + | India |
|
||
408. | Zenithoptera fasciata (Linnaeus, 1758) | 25(24A+X) | + | Surinam |
|
409. | Z. lanei Santos, 1941 | 25(24A+X) | + | Surinam |
|
– » – | + | Brazil |
|
||
410. | Z. viola Ris, 1910 | 25(24A+X) | + | Bolivia |
|
411. | Zygonyx iris Kirby, 1900 | 23(22A+X) | + | Thailand |
|
412. | Z. torrida (Kirby, 1889) | 25(24A+X) | + | India |
|
413. | Zyxomma petiolatum (Rambur, 1842) | 25(24A+X) | + | India |
|
Cordulegastroidea | |||||
Chlorogomphidae | |||||
414. | Watanabeopetalia atkinsoni (Selys, 1878) | 25(24A+X) | + | India |
|
Cordulegastridae | |||||
415. | Anotogaster basalis Selys, 1854 | 23(22A+X) | – | India |
|
416. | A. kuchenbeiseri (Förster, 1899) | 25(24A+X) | + | China |
|
417. | A. sieboldii (Selis, 1854) | 25(24A+X) | + | Japan |
|
– » – | + | Japan |
|
||
– » – | + | Japan |
|
||
– » – | + | Russia |
|
||
418. | Cordulegaster boltoni (Donovan, 1807) | 25(24A+X) | + | Finland |
|
– » – | – | Austria |
|
||
– » – | + | Sweden |
|
||
419. | C. brevistigma Selys, 1854 | 25(24A+X) | + | India |
|
420. | C. diastatops (Selys, 1854) | 25(24A+X) | + | USA |
|
421. | C. dorsalis Hagen, 1857 | 25(24A+X) | + | USA |
|
422. | C. maculata Selys, 1854 | 25(24A+X) | + | USA |
|
423. | Neallogaster hermionae (Fraser, 1927) | 25(24A+X) | + | Nepal |
|
Zygoptera | |||||
Lestoidea | |||||
Lestidae | |||||
424. | Austrolestes colensonis (White, 1846) | 25(24A+X) | + | New Zealand |
|
425. | Chalcolestes viridis (Van der Linden, 1825) | 25(24A+X) | + | Netherlands |
|
426. | Indolestes cyaneus (Selys, 1862) | 25(24A+X) | + | Nepal |
|
427. | Lestes barbarus (Fabricius, 1798) | 25(24A+X) | + | Former Yugoslavia |
|
428. | L. congener Hagen, 1861 | 25(24A+X) | + | USA |
|
429. | L. disjunctus Selys, 1862 | 25(24A+X) | – | USA |
|
430. | L. dorothea Fraser, 1924 | 25(24A+X) | + | Nepal |
|
431. | L. dryas Kirby, 1890 | 25(24A+X) | – | USA |
|
– » – | + | Russia |
|
||
432. | L. forcipatus Rambur, 1842 | 21(20A+X) | – | USA |
|
433. | L. forficula Rambur, 1842 | 25(24A+X) | + | Jamaica |
|
434. | L. paulistus Calvert, 1909 | 25(24A+X) | + | Brazil | |
435. | L. rectangularis Say, 1839 | 25(24A+X) | + | USA |
|
436. | L. similatrix McLachlan, 1895 | 25(24A+X) | + | Madagascar |
|
437. | L. sponsa (Hansemann, 1823) | 25(24A+X) | – | Former USSR |
|
– » – | + | Japan |
|
||
– » – | + | Russia |
|
||
438. | L. stultus Hagen, 1861 | 25(24A+X) | + | USA |
|
439. | L. vidua Hagen, 1861 | 25(24A+X) | + | USA |
|
440. | L. vigilax Selys, 1862 | 19(18A+X) | – | USA |
|
441. | L. virens Charpentier, 1825 | 25(24A+X) | + | Netherlands |
|
442. | Sympecma fusca (Van der Linden, 1823) | 25(24A+X) | + | Japan |
|
443. | S. paedisca (Brauer, 1877) | 25(24A+X) | + | Netherlands |
|
– » – | + | Russia |
|
||
Synlestidae | |||||
444. | Megalestes major Selys, 1862 | 25(24A+X) | – | Nepal |
|
Platystictoidea | |||||
Platystictidae | |||||
445. | Drepanosticta sp. | 25(24A+X) | – | Nepal |
|
446. | Drepanosticta sp. | 25(24A+X) | – | India |
|
447. | Palaemnema paulina (Drury, 1773) | 25(24A+X) | + | Costa Rica |
|
448. | Protosticta sp. | 25(24A+X) | – | Tailand |
|
Calopterygoidea | |||||
Calopterygidae | |||||
449. | Atrocalopteryx atrata (Selys, 1853) | 25(24A+X) | + | Japan |
|
– » – | + | Japan |
|
||
– » – | + | Japan |
|
||
450. | Calopteryx aequabilis Say, 1839 | 25(24A+X) | + | USA |
|
451. | C. cornelia (Selys, 1853) | 25(24A+X) | + | Japan |
|
– » – | + | Japan |
|
||
452. | C. dimidiata Burmeister, 1839 | 25(24A+X) | + | USA |
|
453. | C. japonica Selys, 1869 | 25(24A+X) | + | Japan |
|
– » – | + | Japan |
|
||
– » – | + | Japan |
|
||
– » – | + | Japan |
|
||
454. | C. maculata (Beauvois, 1805) | 25(24A+X) | + | USA |
|
– » – | + | USA |
|
||
455. | C. splendens (Harris, 1780) | 25(24A+X) | + | Turkey |
|
455. | C. splendens (Harris, 1780) | – » – | + | Italy |
|
– » – | – | Former USSR |
|
||
– » – | – | Finland |
|
||
– » – | – | Germany |
|
||
– » – | – | France |
|
||
– » – | – | Russia |
|
||
– » – | + | Russia |
|
||
456. | C. virgo (Linnaeus, 1758) | 25(24A+X) | + | Spain |
|
27(26A+X) | + | ||||
25(24A+X) | + | Slovenija |
|
||
– » – | + | Austria |
|
||
– » – | – | Belgium |
|
||
– » – | + | Finland | Oksala 1939 (C. v. virgo) | ||
– » – | + | Former USSR |
|
||
– » – | + | Germany, Luxembourg |
|
||
– » – | + | Netherlands |
|
||
– » – | + | Russia |
|
||
457. | Hetaerina americana (Fabricius, 1798) | 25(24A+X) | + | USA |
|
– » – | USA |
|
|||
458. | H. charca Calvert, 1909 | 25(24A+X) | + | Bolivia |
|
459. | H. longipes (Hagen in Selys, 1853) | 25(24A+X) | + | Brazil |
|
– » – | + | Brazil |
|
||
460. | H. rosea Selys, 1853 | 27(26A+X) | + | Bolivia |
|
– » – | + | Bolivia |
|
||
25(24A+X) | – | Brazil |
|
||
27(26A+X) | + | ||||
461. | H. sanguinea Selys, 1853 | 25(24A+X) | – | Bolivia |
|
462. | H. titia (Drury, 1773) | 25(24A+X) | + | USA |
|
– » – | + | Mexico |
|
||
463. | H. vulnerata (Selys, 1853) | 25(24A+X) | + | Mexico |
|
464. | Matrona basilaris Selys, 1853 | 25(24A+X) | – | Taiwan |
|
465. | Mnais costalis Selys, 1869 | 25(24A+X) | + | Japan |
|
– » – | + | Japan |
|
||
466. | M. pruinosa Selys, 1853 | 25(24A+X) | + | Japan |
|
– » – | + | Japan |
|
||
– » – | + | Japan |
|
||
467. | Neurobasis chinensis (Linnaeus, 1758) | 23(22A+X) | – | Nepal |
|
25(24A+X) | – | ||||
23(22A+X) | – | India |
|
||
– » – | + | Nepal |
|
||
– » – | – | Thailand |
|
||
– » – | + | India |
|
||
– » – | – | India |
|
||
– » – | – | India |
|
||
468. | Phaon iridipennis (Burmeister, 1839) | 25(24A+X) | + | Republic of South Africa |
|
Chlorocyphidae | |||||
469. | Aristocypha fenestrella Rambur, 1842 | 23(22A+X) | – | Thailand |
|
470. | A. quadrimaculata (Selys, 1853) | 23(22A+X) | + | India |
|
– » – | + | Nepal |
|
||
471. | A. trifasciata (Selys, 1853) | 23(22A+X) | – | India |
|
– » – | + | Nepal |
|
||
472. | Heliocypha biforata (Selys, 1859) | 23(22A+X) | – | India |
|
473. | H. biseriata (Selys, 1859) | 23(22A+X) | – | Thailand |
|
474. | Libellago lineata (Burmeister, 1839) | 23(22A+X) | – | India |
|
25(24A+X) | – | ||||
475. | Paracypha unimaculata (Selys, 1879) | 23(22A+X) | + | Nepal |
|
– » – | + | Nepal |
|
||
476. | Rhinocypha colorata Selys, 1869 | 23(22A+X) | – | Philippines |
|
25(24A+X) | – | ||||
477. | Vestalis gracilis (Rambur, 1842) | 25(24A+X) | + | Thailand |
|
Polythoridae | |||||
478. | Cora irene Ris, 1918 | 23(22A+X) | – | Bolivia |
|
479. | Polythore boliviana (McLachlan, 1878) | 23(22A+X) | – | Bolivia |
|
Euphaeidae | |||||
480. | Anisopleura comes Hagen, 1880 | 25(24A+X) | + | Nepal |
|
481. | Bayadera indica (Selys, 1853) | 25(24A+X) | + | Nepal |
|
– » – | + | Nepal |
|
||
482. | Euphaea guerini Rambur, 1842 | 25(24A+X) | – | Thailand |
|
483. | Epallage fatime (Charpentier, 1840) | 25(24A+X) | – | Greece |
|
– » – | – | Greece |
|
||
Megapodagrionidae | |||||
484. | Allopodagrion contortum (Selys, 1862) | 25(24A+X) | + | Brazil |
|
485. | Teinopodagrion macropus (Selys, 1862) | 25(24A+X) | – | Bolivia |
|
486. | T. setigerum (Selys, 1886) | 25(24A+X) | – | Bolivia |
|
Heteragrionidae | |||||
487. | Heteragrion flavidorsum Calvert, 1909 | 25(24A+X) | – | Bolivia |
|
488. | H. inca Calvert, 1909 | 25(24A+X) | + | Bolivia |
|
Philogeniidae | |||||
489. | Philogenia carrillica Calvert, 1907 | 25(24A+X) | + | Costa Rica |
|
Hypolestidae | |||||
490. | Hypolestes clara (Calvert, 1891) | l7(16A+X) | – | Jamaica |
|
Coenagrionoidea | |||||
Platycnemididae | |||||
491. | Calicnemia miniata (Selys, 1886) | 25(24A+X) | + | Nepal |
|
492. | C. pulverulans (Selys, 1886) | 25(24A+X) | – | Nepal |
|
493. | Calicnemia sp. | 25(24A+X) | – | Nepal |
|
494. | Calicnemia sp. | 25(24A+X) | – | India |
|
495. | Coeliccia chromothorax (Selys, 1891) | 25(24A+X) | – | India |
|
496. | C. bimaculata (Laidlaw, 1914) | 25(24A+X) | – | India |
|
497. | C. didyma (Selys, 1863) | 25(24A+X) | – | India |
|
498. | C. fraseri (Laidlaw, 1932) | 25(24A+X) | – | India |
|
499. | C. renifera (Selys, 1886) | 25(24A+X) | – | Nepal |
|
– » – | – | India |
|
||
500. | Copera annulata (Selys, 1863) | 25(24A+X) | + | Japan |
|
– » – | + | India |
|
||
– » – | – | Thailand |
|
||
– » – | + | India |
|
||
501. | C. marginipes (Rambur, 1842) | 25(24A+X) | – | India |
|
– » – | – | Thailand |
|
||
– » – | + | India |
|
||
502. | C. vittata (Selys, 1863) | 25(24A+X) | + | India |
|
– » – | + | India |
|
||
503. | Disparoneura quadrimaculata (Rambur, 1842) | 25(24A+X) | – | India |
|
504. | Esme cyaneovittata Fraser, 1922 | 25(24A+X) | – | India |
|
505. | E. longistyla Fraser, 1931 | 25(24A+X) | – | India |
|
506. | Onychargia atrocyana (Selys, 1865) | 25(24A+X) | – | Thailand |
|
507. | Platycnemis pennipes (Pallas, 1771) | 25(24A+X) | – | Finland |
|
– » – | – | Italy |
|
||
– » – | – | Russia |
|
||
508. | Prodasineura autumnalis (Fraser, 1922) | 25(24A+X) | + | Thailand |
|
509. | P. nigra (Fraser, 1922) | 25(24A+X) | – | India |
|
510. | P. verticalis (Selys, 1860) | 25(24A+X) | – | India |
|
511. | Prodasineura sp.1 | 25(24A+X) | – | Thailand |
|
512. | Prodasineura sp.2 | 25(24A+X) | – | Thailand |
|
Coenagrionidae | |||||
513. | Acanthagrion ascendens Calvert, 1909 | 27(26A+X) | + | Bolivia |
|
514. | A. chacoense Calvert, 1909 | 27(26A+X) | + | Bolivia |
|
515. | A. gracile (Rambur, 1842) | 27(26A+X) | – | Surinam |
|
– » – | – | Brazil |
|
||
516. | Aeolagrion inca Selys, 1876 | 27(26A+X) | – | Bolivia |
|
517. | Agriocnemis clauseni Fraser, 1922 | 27(26A+X) | + | India |
|
518. | A. femina (Brauer, 1868) | 27(26A+X) | – | Philippines |
|
– » – | + | Thailand |
|
||
519. | A. pygmaea (Rambur, 1842) | 27(26A+X) | – | India |
|
– » – | + | Thailand |
|
||
520. | Amphiagrion abbreviatum (Selys, 1876) | 27(26A+X) | – | USA |
|
521. | Amphiallagma parvum (Selys, 1876) | 27(26A+X) | + | India |
|
522. | Argia apicalis (Say, 1839) | 37(36A+X) | – | USA |
|
523. | A. fumipennis (Burmeister, 1839) | 27(26A+X) | – | USA |
|
– » – | – | USA |
|
||
– » – | – | USA |
|
||
– » – | + | Canada |
|
||
524. | A. funebris (Hagen, 1861) | 27(26A+X) | – | USA |
|
28(26A+XX)* | – | Mexico |
|
||
525. | A. immunda (Hagen, 1861) | 27(26A+X) | – | USA |
|
526. | A. moesta (Hagen, 1861) | 25(24A+X) | – | Canada |
|
– » – | – | USA |
|
||
527. | A. nahuana Calvert, 1902 | 25(24A+X) | – | USA |
|
528. | A. sedula (Hagen, 1861) | 27(26A+X) | – | USA |
|
– » – | – | USA |
|
||
529. | A. tibialis (Rambur, 1842) | 37(36A+X) | – | USA |
|
530. | A. translata Hagen, 1865 | 25(24A+X) | + | USA |
|
531. | A. violacea (Hagen, 1861) | 27(26A+X) | – | USA |
|
532. | A. vivida (Hagen, 1861) | 27(26A+X) | – | USA |
|
533. | Ceriagrion auranticum Fraser, 1922 | 27(26A+X) | + | Thailand |
|
534. | C. azureum (Selys, 1891) | 27(26A+X) | – | Nepal |
|
535. | C. cerinomelas Lieftinck, 1927 | 27(26A+X) | – | Nepal |
|
536. | C. cerinorubellum (Brauer, 1866) | 27(26A+X) | + | India |
|
– » – | + | India |
|
||
537. | C. coromandelianum (Fabricius, 1798) | 27(26A+X) | + | India | |
– » – | + | India |
|
||
– » – | + | India |
|
||
– » – | + | Nepal |
|
||
– » – | + | India |
|
||
538. | C. fallax Ris, 1914 | 27(26A+X) | + | Republic of South Africa |
|
539. | C. glabrum (Burmeister, 1839) | 27(26A+X) | – | Kingdom of Eswatini (Former Swaziland) |
|
540. | C. rubiae Laidlaw, 1916 | 27(26A+X) | + | India |
|
– » – | + | India |
|
||
– » – | + | India |
|
||
541. | C. tenellum (Villers, 1789) | 27(26A+X) | + | Italy |
|
542. | Chromagrion conditum (Hagen, 1876) | 27(26A+X) | – | USA |
|
543. | Coenagrion armatum (Charpentier, 1840) | 27(26A+X) | – | Finland |
|
– » – | – | Former USSR |
|
||
544. | C. hastulatum (Charpentier, 1825) | 27(26A+X) | – | Former USSR |
|
– » – | – | Russia |
|
||
545. | C. hylas (Trybom, 1889) | 27(26A+X) | – | Austria |
|
546. | C. lunulatum (Charpentier, 1840) | 27(26A+X) | + | Russia |
|
547. | C. pulchellum (Vander Linden, 1823) | 27(26A+X) | – | Former USSR |
|
– » – | – | Netherlands |
|
||
– » – | + | Russia |
|
||
548. | C. puella (Linnaeus, 1758) | 27(26A+X) | + | Russia |
|
549. | C. resolutum (Hagen, 1876) | 27(26A+X) | – | USA |
|
550. | Coenagrion sp. | 27(26A+X) | + | Japan |
|
551. | Diceratobasis macrogaster (Selys, 1875) | 27(26A+X) | + | Jamaica |
|
552. | Enallagma aspersum (Hagen, 1861) | 27(26A+X) | – | USA |
|
553. | E. boreale Selys, 1875 | 27(26A+X) | – | USA |
|
554. | E. carunculatum Morse, 1895 | 27(26A+X) | – | USA |
|
555. | E. circulatum Selys, 1883 | 27(26A+X) | + | Russia |
|
556. | E. civile (Hagen, 1861) | 27(26A+X) | – | USA |
|
557. | E. cyathigerum (Charpentier, 1840) | 27(26A+X) | – | Finland |
|
– » – | – | Former USSR |
|
||
– » – | + | USA | Brink and Kiauta 1964 | ||
27(26A+X), | – | USA |
|
||
29(28A+X) | – | ||||
27(26A+X) | + | Netherlands |
|
||
29(28A+X) | + | ||||
558. | E. ebrium (Hagen, 1861) | 27(26A+X) | – | USA |
|
559. | E. praevarum (Hagen, 1861) | 27(26A+X) | – | USA |
|
560. | Erythromma lindeni (Selys, 1840) | 27(26A+X) | + | Italy |
|
561. | E. najas (Hansemann, 1823) | 27(26A+X) | – | Finland |
|
– » – | – | Former USSR |
|
||
– » – | – | Netherlands |
|
||
– » – | – | Russia |
|
||
– » – | + | Russia |
|
||
562. | Homeoura chelifera (Selys, 1876) | 27(26A+X) | + | Surinam |
|
– » – | + | Brazil |
|
||
563. | Ischnura aurora (Brauer, 1865) | 27(26A+X) | – | Nepal |
|
– » – | – | India |
|
||
564. | I. capreola (Hagen, 1861) | 27(26A+X) | – | Bolivia |
|
565. | I. cervula Selys, 1876 | 27(26A+X) | – | USA |
|
566. | I. denticollis (Burmeister, 1839) | 27(26A+X) | – | USA |
|
567. | I. elegans (Van der Linden, 1823) | 27(26A+X) | – | Finland |
|
– » – | – | Netherlands |
|
||
– » – | – | Russia |
|
||
568. | I. fluviatilis Selys, 1876 | 27(26A+X) | – | Bolivia |
|
569. | I. forcipata Morton, 1907 | 27(26A+X) | – | Nepal |
|
570. | I. nursei (Morton, 1907) | 25(24A+X) | + | India |
|
571. | I. pumilio (Charpentier, 1825) | 27(26A+X) | + | Netherlands |
|
572. | I. perparva Selys, 1876 | 27(26A+X) | – | USA |
|
573. | I. ramburii (Selys, 1850) | 27(26A+X) | + | USA |
|
574. | I. rufostigma Selys, 1876 | 27(26A+X) | – | Nepal |
|
575. | I. senegalensis (Rambur, 1842) | 27(26A+X) | + | Japan |
|
– » – | + | India |
|
||
– » – | + | Ethiopia |
|
||
– » – | + | Philippines |
|
||
– » – | – | Thailand |
|
||
– » – | + | India |
|
||
576. | I. verticalis (Say, 1839) | 27(26A+X) | – | USA |
|
577. | I. ultima Ris, 1908 | 27(26A+X) | – | Bolivia |
|
578. | Leptagrion macrurum (Burmeister, 1839) | 30(28A+neo-XY) | – | Brazil |
|
579. | Mecistogaster . sp. 1 | 29(28A+X) | + | Bolivia |
|
580. | Mecistogaster sp. 2 | 12(10A+neo-XY) | – | Bolivia |
|
581. | Megalagrion oahuense (Blackburn, 1884) | 27(26A+X) | + | Hawaii |
|
582. | Mortonagrion selenion (Ris, 1916) | 27(26A+X) | + | Japan |
|
583. | Nehalennia irene (Hagen, 1861) | 27(26A+X) | – | USA |
|
584. | N. speciosa (Charpentier, 1840) | 28(26A+XX)* | – | Finland |
|
585. | Oxyagrion hempeli Calvert, 1909 | 27(26A+X) | – | Brazil | |
586. | O. terminale Selys, 1876 | 27(26A+X) | – | Surinam |
|
– » – | – | Brazil |
|
||
587. | Paracercion hieroglyphicum (Brauer, 1865) | 27(26A+X) | + | Japan |
|
588. | P. malayanum (Selys, 1876) | 27(26A+X) | + | Nepal |
|
589. | Proischnura subfurcata (Selys, 1876) | 27(26A+X) | – | Kenya |
|
590. | Pseudagrion acaciae Förster, 1906 | 27(26A+X) | + | Republic of South Africa |
|
591. | P. australasiae Selys, 1876 | 27(26A+X) | + | India |
|
592. | P. decorum (Rambur, 1842) | 27(26A+X) | + | India |
|
593. | P. kersteni (Gerstaker, 1869) | 27(26A+X) | – | Kingdom of Eswatini (Former Swaziland) |
|
594. | P. microcephalum (Rambur, 1842) | 27(26A+X) | + | India |
|
– » – | + | Philippines |
|
||
595. | P. pruinosum (Burmeister, 1839) | 27(26A+X) | + | Thailand |
|
596. | P. rubripes (Selys, 1876) | 27(26A+X) | + | India |
|
– » – | + | Philippines |
|
||
– » – | + | Thailand |
|
||
597. | P. salisburyense Ris, 1921 | 27(26A+X) | + | Kingdom of Eswatini (Former Swaziland) |
|
598. | P. spencei Fraser, 1922 | 27(26A+X) | + | India |
|
599. | P. whellani Pinhey, 1956 | 25(24A+X) | + | Burkina Faso (Former Voltiac Republic) |
|
600. | Pyrrhosoma nymphula (Sutzer, 1776) | 28(26A+XX)* | – | Finland |
|
601. | Telebasis carmesina Calvert, 1909 | 27(26A+X) | – | Surinam |
|
– » – | – | Brazil |
|
||
602. | Tigriagrion aurantinigrum Calvert, 1909 | 27(26A+X) | – | Bolivia |
|
603. | Xanthocnemis zealandica (McLachlan, 1873) | 27(26A+X) | – | New Zealand |
|
604. | Zoniagrion exclamationis (Selys, 1876) | 27(26A+X) | – | USA |
|
Protoneuridae | |||||
605. | Caconeura autumnalis Fraser, 1922 | 25(24A+X) | + | India |
|
606. | Epipleoneura sp. | 27(26A+X) | – | Bolivia |
|
607. | Protoneura rubriventris (Selys, 1860) | 27(26A+X) | + | Bolivia |
|
Within Odonata, chromosome numbers in males vary over a relatively wide range, from 2n = 6 in Macrothemis hemichlora and Orthemis levis to 2n = 41 in O. nodiplaga. Both low chromosome number species are suggested to have an evolutionarily secondary neo-XY system (
The diversity of chromosome numbers and sex chromosome mechanisms, and modal karyotypes in 23 families of Odonata: a summary.
Taxa | N of species/ genera studied | Male karyotypes | Modal karyotype | N of species/genera with modal karyotype (occurrence in percent) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
(N of species/genera described*) | |||||
Anisozygoptera | |||||
Epiophlebioidea | Epiophlebiidae (4/1) | 1/1 | 25, X0 | 24A + X | 1 (100) / 1 (100) |
Anisoptera | |||||
Aeshnoidea | Aeshnidae (456/51) | 58/18 | 13, X0; 14, neo-XY; 15, X0; 16, neo-XY; 19, X0; 21, X0; 24, neo-XY; 25, X0; 26, neo-XY; 27, X0 | 26A + X | 44 (76) / 14 (78) |
Petaluroidea | Petaluridae (10/5) | 4/3 | 17, X0; 19, X0; 25, X0 | 16A + X | 3 (75) / 2 (67) |
Gomphoidea | Gomphidae (980/87) | 66/31 | 12, neo-neo-XY; 21, X0; 22, neo-XY; 23, X0; 24, neo-XY; 25, X0 | 22A + X | 57 (86) / 28 (90) |
Libelluloidea | Macromiidae (125/4) | 6/3 | 25, X0 | 24A + X | 6 (100) / 3 (100) |
Corduliidae (154/20) | 23/7 | 10, neo-XY; 11, X0; 13, X0; 14, neo-XY, 20, XY; 21, X0; 25, X0; 26, neo-XY; 27, X0 | 24A + X | 19 (83) / 6 (86) | |
Libellulidae (1037/142) | 255/59 | 6, neo-XY; 6 neo-XY; 8, neo-XY; 10, neo-XY; 12, neo-XY; 17, X0; 21, X0; 22, neo-XY; 23, X0; 23, X1X2Y; 24, neo-XY; 25, X0; 27, X0; 28, neo-XY; 29, X0; 41, X0 | 24A + X | 227 (89) / 57 (97) | |
Cordulegastroidea | Cordulegastridae (46/3) | 9/3 | 23, X0; 25, X0 | 24A + X | 8 (89) / 3 (100) |
Chlorogomphidae (47/3) | 1/1 | 25, X0 | 24A + X | 1 (100) / 1 (100) | |
Zygoptera | |||||
Lestoidea | Lestidae (151/9) | 20/5 | 19, X0; 21, X0; 25, X0 | 24A + X | 18 (90) / 5 (100) |
Synlestidae (39/9) | 1/1 | 25, X0 | 24A + X | 1 (100) / 1 (100) | |
Platystictoidea | Platystictidae (224/6) | 4/3 | 25, X0 | 24A + X | 4 (100) / 3 (100) |
Calopterygoidea | Calopterygidae (185/21) | 20/8 | 23, X0; 25, X0; 27, X0 | 24A + X | 20 (100) / 8 (100) |
Chlorocyphidae (144/19) | 9/6 | 23, X0; 25, X0 | 22A + X | 8 (89) / 5 (84) | |
Polythoridae (59/7) | 2/2 | 23, X0 | 22A + X | 2 (100) / 2 (100) | |
Euphaeidae (68/12) | 4/4 | 25, X0 | 24A + X | 4 (100) / 4 (100) | |
Megapodagrionidae (296/42) | 3/2 | 25, X0 | 24A + X | 3 (100) / 2 (100) | |
Heteragrionidae (57/2) | 2/1 | 25, X0 | 24A + X | 2 (100) / 1 (100) | |
Philogeniidae (40/2) | 1/1 | 25, X0 | 24A + X | 1 (100) / 1 (100) | |
Hypolestidae (6/4) | 1/1 | 17, X0 | 16A + X | 1 (100) / 1 (100) | |
Coenagrionoidea | Platycnemididae (404/40) | 22/8 | 25, X0 | 24A + X | 19 (100) / 7 (100) |
Coenagrionidae (1267/114) | 92/28 | 12, neo-XY; 25, X0; 27, X0; 29, X0; 30, neo-XY; 37, X0 | 26A + X | 81 (89) / 26 (90) | |
Protoneuridae (260 / 25) | 3/3 | 25, X0; 27, X0 | 26A + X | 2 (70) / 2 (70) |
Chromosomal rearrangements, among which fission and fusions apparently predominated (
There are the species for which different authors give various karyotypes that are sometimes difficult to interpret (see Table
Approximately 80% of Odonata species have a pair of very small chromosomes, i.e. microchromosomes or m-chromosomes (
Most cytogenetic studies of Odonata have been made only to determine the chromosome number and sex chromosome mechanism for which the routine staining was used. Although a considerable amount of such data was obtained (Table
During the last decades, karyotypes of a few dozen Odonata species were studied using various techniques of differential staining of chromosomes such as C-banding, AgNOR-staining and DNA specific fluorochrome banding visualiszing constitutive heterochromatin, nucleolus organizing regions (NORs) and AT- and GC-rich chromosome segments, respectively. Such data can be found in the following publications:
Although the classical cytological techniques remain necessary starting points for cytogenetic studies of Odonata to get an overview of their genomes, the future of Odonata cytogenetics must be coupled with the application of new cytogenetic molecular techniques that enable the localization of specific DNA sequences in chromosomes and the identification of individual chromosomes in karyotypes. In the article by
The results obtained showed great promise of the combined use of FISH and classical and banding cytogenetics in order to identify new chromosomal markers, reveal differences between species, particularly when they share the same or very close karyotypes, and speculate about the mechanisms involved in the karyotype evolution of Odonata (
The present study was performed within the research project no. AAAA-A19-119020790106-0. The authors deeply grateful to the late Evgeny A. Perepelov whose thesis “Karyotype evolution of Odonata (Insecta) of Northern Palearctics” (2003; Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia) served as a starting point for preparing Table