2026-10-11T18:10:13Z https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/oai.php

10.3897/compcytogen.v3i1.2 2009-08-06 compcytogen

Chromosome polymorphism in Bulgarian populations of the striped field mouse (Apodemus agrarius Pallas 1771) Chassovnikarova,T Atanasov,Nasko Dimitrov,H Apodemus agrarius karyotype chromosomal polymorphism B chromosomes Comparative Cytogenetics 3(1): 1-9 Chromosome polymorphism in Bulgarian populations of the striped field mouse (Apodemus agrarius Pallas, 1771) has been described. The diploid chromosome number is 2n=48 (NFa = 54). In the karyotype of 3 specimens from the Iskar region, the presence of an additional B chromosome has been established for the first time. The autosomes are 19 acrocentric pairs, continuously decreasing in size, and 4 pairs of bi-armed chromosomes, barely distinguishable by size and location of the centromere. Specimens with 3 pairs of metacentric chromosomes were firstly described in Bulgaria for the regions of Iskar and Omurtag. The localization of heterochromatin in the centromeric regions of the chromosomes, blocks of heterochromatin of different sizes, as well as intercalated bands, distinguishable in weakly spiraled chromosomes are found. Telomeric heterochromatin is present in the largest autosomal pair and in two of the middle-sized autosomal pairs. The largest and smallest pairs of be-armed chromosomes do not have centromeric heterochromatin, whereas all the other autosomal pairs do. The presence of a NOR in 6 chromosomal pairs is established. Two of the pairs exhibited pericentromeric NORs, whereas the other 4 displayed telomeric NORs. The karyotype analysis illustrates the chromosome and genome polymorphism of A. agrarius in Bulgarian populations. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2009 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v3i1.2 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v3i1.2 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1670/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1670/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v3i1.4 2009-08-06 compcytogen

Features of the karyotypes of Pelophylax ridibundus Pallas, 1771 and Rana macrocnemis Boulenger, 1885 (Amphibia: Ranidae) from Armenia Martirosyan,A Stepanyan,Ilona Amphibia Ranidae Pelophylax Rana karyotypes C-positive heterochromatin blocks chromosome polymorphism Comparative Cytogenetics 3(1): 11-24 Сhromosomal complements of Pelophylax ridibundus Pallas, 1771 from 9 localities (Northern, Central and South Armenia) and Rana macrocnemis Boulenger, 1885 from one locality (North-West Armenia) have been analyzed. The chromosome sets of P. ridibundus collected from 8 localities showed 2n=26, (10m+12sm+4st; NF=52). A secondary constriction has been observed in all studied individuals on the 10-th chromosome pair showing NOR-positive reaction. C-positive heterochromatin blocks have been observed on long arms of the 2-nd and 10-th pairs of chromosomes (7 localities). In addition, C-heterochromatin blocks have been found on interstitial regions of short arms of the 12-th pairs, as well as in telomeric regions of long arms of the 9-th pairs and on short arms of the 5-th pair in the frogs from 2 localities. The karyotype of P. ridibundus from populations near Ejmiatsin differs from other populations (2n=26, 12m+10sm+4st). Diploid number of chromosomes of R. macrocnemis was also 26 (8m+12sm+6st, NF=52). Blocks of C-positive heterochromatin have been revealed in telomeric parts of the 1-st, 2-nd (p), 3-rd (q), 4-th (q), 6-th, 9-th (p), 10-th (p,q) and 13-th (q) pairs, as well as in interstitial regions of the 1-st and 2-nd pairs of chromosomes.  Intrapopulation and interpopulation geographic variations of karyotypes and C-heterochromatin banding patterns of P. ridibundus have been revealed. Karyotypically, morphotypes “macrocnemis” and “camerani” are closely related. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2009 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v3i1.4 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v3i1.4 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1671/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1671/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v3i1.5 2009-08-06 compcytogen

Chromosome analysis of chironomids (Diptera: Chironomidae) – obligatory miners of freshwater sponges (Porifera) Durnova,N Xenochironomus Demeijerea karyotype chromocentre Comparative Cytogenetics 3(1): 25-31 Karyotypic characteristics of the chironomids Demeijerea rufipes (Linnaeus, 1761) and Xenochironomus sp., obligatory miners of freshwater sponges, are considered. The karyotype of Xenochironomus sp. is described for the first time. It is assumed that the ordered spatial organization of chromosomes of these species, expressed in terms of the presence of chromocentres of different degrees of stability and an almost complete absence of polymorphism for chromosome rearrangements, represents an adaptation to inhabiting host tissues, i.e. to habitat relative constancy. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2009 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v3i1.5 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v3i1.5 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1672/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1672/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v3i1.6 2009-08-06 compcytogen

Chromosome numbers in eight species of Palaearctic Psocoptera (Insecta) Golub,N Nokkala,Seppo Psocoptera karyotype chromosome number chromosomal mechanism of sex determination Comparative Cytogenetics 3(1): 33-41 Karyotypes of eight Psocoptera species are reported for the first time. In Valenzuela oyamai (Enderlein, 1906) (Caeciliusidae), Peripsocus golubae Lienhard, 2006 (Peripsocidae), Trichopsocus dalii (McLachlan, 1867) (Trichopsocidae), Hemineura dispar Tetens, 1891 (Elipsocidae), and Amphigerontia contaminata (Stephens, 1836) (Psocidae) 2n = 16 + XX/X0. In Elipsocus moebiusi Tetens, 1891 (Elipsocidae) 2n = 12 + XX/X0. Neopsocopsis hitricornis (Reuter, 1893) (Psocidae) has 2n = 14 + XX/X0, and Kolbia quisquiliarum Bertkau, 1883 (Amphipsocidae) has 2n = 14 + neo-XY/XX. In addition, three seminal follicles per testis have been established in V. oyamai, H. dispar, A. contaminata, and N. hitricornis and one follicle in P. golubae and T. dalii. All the data available on psocopteran karyotypes are tabulated and shortly reviewed. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2009 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v3i1.6 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v3i1.6 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1673/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1673/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v3i1.7 2009-08-06 compcytogen

Chromosomes and their meiotic behaviour in two species of Dieuches Dohrn, 1860 (Heteroptera: Lygaeidae: Rhyparochromini) Kaur,Harbhajan Suman,Vikas Lygaeidae Rhyparochromini Dieuches chromosomes meiosis metaphase plate arrangement Comparative Cytogenetics 3(1): 43-50 The Lygaeidae (Heteroptera) are a large and diverse family in which the male diploid chromosomal complement ranges from 10 to 30. Diploid numbers of 14 and 16 are taken as two modal numbers of the family. The Rhyparochrominae, one of the largest subfamilies of the Lygaeidae, are known to be heterogeneous both cytologically and morphologically. Available data on the tribe Rhyparochromini reveal that all species are characterized by the presence of a pair of microchromosomes (m-chromosomes) and have an XY/XX (♂/♀) sex chromosome determining system. Dieuches coloratus (Distant, 1909) and D. insignis (Distant, 1918) belonging to Rhyparochromini, have 2n=14=10A+2m+XY and 2n=12=8A+2m+XY respectively. Both the species are similar inone pair of distinctly large autosomes in their chromosome complements. The metaphase plate arrangement of autosomes, sex chromosomes and m-chromosomes in D. coloratus is similar to the common condition observed in the tribe Rhyparochromini. In D. insignis, however, the arrangement is different. Here, metaphase I is usual in showing peripheral position of autosomes and central position of sex chromosomes and m-chromosomes. At metaphase II, however, autosomes, sex chromosomes and m-chromosomes are peripherally placed, an arrangement, which is not reported earlier in the tribe Rhyparochromini. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2009 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v3i1.7 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v3i1.7 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1674/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1674/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v3i1.8 2009-08-06 compcytogen

Karyotypic analysis of different populations of Carthamus tinctorius Linnaeus (Asteraceae) Malik,Anjali Srivastava,A Asteraceae Carthamus karyotype variation Comparative Cytogenetics 3(1): 51-55 Somatic chromosomes of Carthamus tinctorius L. were analysed. A karyotype formula for each studied population was formulated. Although all samples have 2n = 24, they could be differentiated by their karyotype formula and quantitative parameters of the karyotypes. The chromosomes were assorted into different categories on the basis of arms ratio following Levan et al. (1964). These were further subdivided into different types, on the basis of total length of the chromosomes. Based on an evolutionary point of view, variation in total chromosome length without major changes in the karyotype formula suggests that changes in the amounts of genomic DNA are proportional to the relative length of an each chromosome arm. All samples possessed symmetrical or slightly asymmetrical karyotype. The samples belonging to the same species were showing intra-specific or inter-specific chromosome polymorphism. This finding may provide useful information for Carthamus evolutionary, genetic, and breeding studies. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2009 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v3i1.8 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v3i1.8 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1675/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1675/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v3i1.9 2009-08-06 compcytogen

Field protocols for the genomic era Bulatova,N Searle,J Nadjafova,R Pavlova,Svetlana V. Bystrakova,N mammalian genome molecular phylogeography field studies molecular sampling procedure karyotype Sorex araneus Comparative Cytogenetics 3(1): 57-62 For many decades karyotype was the only source of overall genomic information obtained from species of mammal. However, approaches have been developed in recent years to obtain molecular and ultimately genomic information directly from the extracted DNA of an organism. Molecular data have accumulated hugely for mammalian taxa. The growing volume of studies should motivate field researchers to collect suitable samples for molecular analysis from various species across all their ranges. This is the reason why we here include a molecular sampling procedure within a field work protocol, which also includes more traditional (including cytogenetic) techniques. In this way we hope to foster the development of molecular and genomic studies in non-standard wild mammals. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2009 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v3i1.9 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v3i1.9 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1676/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1676/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v3i1.1 2009-08-06 compcytogen

Main trends of karyotype evolution in the superfamily Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) Gokhman,Vladimir Gumovsky,Alex chromosomes karyotypes parasitic wasps Hymenoptera Chalcidoidea Comparative Cytogenetics 3(1): 63-69 An overview of karyotype evolution in the superfamily Chalcidoidea is given. Structural types of chromosome sets in the superfamily are listed. Main pathways of karyotypic change in the Chalcidoidea are outlined. The chromosome set containing eleven subtelo- or acrocentrics is considered as an ancestral karyotype for the superfamily. Multiple independent reductions in n values through chromosomal fusions presumably occurred in various groups of chalcid families. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2009 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v3i1.1 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v3i1.1 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1677/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1677/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v3i1.10 2009-08-06 compcytogen

Geographical regularities in the distribution of the genes of cultivated plants Vavilov,N fundamental genetics gene geography Linnean species origin of cultivated plants history of science Comparative Cytogenetics 3(1): 71-78 Archives of Russian cytogenetics keep many-sided evidences of close interactions of chromosome studies with the fundamental genetics. Here we present one of the most exciting documents of the initial existence of such connection. It stressed, in particular, the strong practical motivation for development of wide botanical chromosomal studies under influence of global genetic approach built by Nikolai Vavilov. He was who brought together the famous national cytogeneticists in his institute in Leningrad (now again St. Petersburg), and it is demonstrated already in the first issue of the profile journal he inherited from former applied plant breeders. In 1927, a special number of the new-renamed “Bulletin of Applied Botany, of Genetics and Plant-Breeding” (former “Bulletin of Applied Botany and Plant-Breeding”, 1927: vol. 17, No.3) has been dedicated “to the founder of genetical cytology in our country”, Sergei G. Navashin. The volume included the papers under such names as G. Levitsky, I. Sveshnikova, H. Emme, M. Navashin, V. Rybin and G. Karpechenko and was completed by a small publication of N. Vavilov himself. This communication given as “preliminary” is important in many respects, drawing the far going idea for the genetic studies on the Linnean species (either in plants or among animals) and running right up to analyses of chromosome and genomic polymorphisms or polytypy activated far long ago after Vavilov’s epoch. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2009 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v3i1.10 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v3i1.10 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1678/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1678/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v3i1.11 2009-08-06 compcytogen

Doctor Egeny Kachvoryan (2.III.1942-6.XII.2008) Editorial Board,Comparative Cytogenetics Egeny Kachvoryan Comparative Cytogenetics 3(1): 79-81 On 6 December 2008 Egeny Kachvoryan, an eminent specialist in the field of entomology, taxonomy, cytogenetics and ecology of blackflies (Simulidae, Diptera) passed away. She had many ideas and plans for the future and until her last day she was struggling courageously with the incurable disease. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2009 In Memoriam text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v3i1.11 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v3i1.11 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1679/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1679/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v3i1.12 2009-08-06 compcytogen

Informational note Goldenkova-Pavlova,Irina informational note Comparative Cytogenetics 3(1): 83-84 From 22 June to 28 June 2009 the Fifth Congress of the Vavilov Society of Geneticists and Selectionists at the Russian Academy of Sciences was held in Moscow. The congress was dedicated to the 200th anniversary of Charles Darwin. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2009 Correspondence text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v3i1.12 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v3i1.12 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1680/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1680/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v3i2.14 2009-12-29 compcytogen

AFLP diversity between the Novosibirsk and Tomsk chromosome races of the common shrew (Sorex araneus) Polyakov,Andrei Ilyashenko,V Onischenko,S Panov,V Borodin,Pavel Sorex araneus chromosome races AFLP interracial diversity Comparative Cytogenetics 3(2): 85-89 Genetic diversity between of the Novosibirsk and Tomsk chromosome races of the common shrew (Sorex araneus) was analyzed using 39 polymorphic AFLP (amplified fragments length polymorphism) markers. Exact and F-statistics tests for population differentiation demonstrated significant interracial difference in allele frequencies and significant subdivision between the races. The value of the genetic distance between the chromosome races observed in this study corresponds to that found between subspecies of mammals studied so far. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2009 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v3i2.14 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v3i2.14 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1681/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1681/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v3i2.15 2009-12-29 compcytogen

Unusual arrangement and behaviour of the sex chromosomes of Aphodius (Agolius) abdominalis Bonelli, 1812, and comparison with A. (A.) bonvouloiri Harold, 1860 (Coleoptera: Aphodiidae) Angus,Robert Aphodius Agolius karyotypes sex chromosomes Xyp X0 C-banding X-autosomal trivalent Comparative Cytogenetics 3(2): 91-96 Aphodius abdominalis Bonelli, 1812 is shown to have a karyotype comprising nine pairs of autosomes and sex chromosomes which are X0 (male), XX (female). At first metaphase of meiosis the X chromosome is linked to an autosomal bivalent by a darkly staining area of the cytoplasm, resembling the Xy p arrangement typical of Aphodius species, but giving nine, rather than 10, elements in the nucleus. C-banding, which shows the centromeres, confirms this unusual arrangement. A. bonvouloiri, the only other known species of subgenus Agolius Mulsant et Rey, 1869, has a male karyotype with nine pairs of autosomes and Xy sex chromosomes. No preparations of its meiosis are available. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2009 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v3i2.15 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v3i2.15 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1682/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1682/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v3i2.16 2009-12-29 compcytogen

Hsc-FA and NOR bandings on chromosomes of the giant ant Dinoponera lucida Emery, 1901 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Barros,Luísa Mariano,Cléa Pompolo,S Delabie,Jacques cytogenetics simple NOR fluorochrome ant Formicidae Comparative Cytogenetics 3(2): 97-102 The distribution of the threatened ant Dinoponera lucida is limited to the south of the State of Bahia, farthest east of Minas Gerais and north of Espirito Santo, Brazil. Recent cytogenetic studies carried out in 15 sites distributed along the range of the ant indicated high chromosome number variation in the populations of Bahia, 2n=106 to 120 chromosomes, while the populations of Espirito Santo presented a constant number, with 2n=118 chromosomes. This study aimed at describing the banding pattern of D. lucida chromosomes, in some populations of Espirito Santo and Bahia, applying the Hsc-FA technique (secondary constriction heterochromatin-associated bands by fluorescence using acridine) and identifying the nucleolar organizing region (active NORs) impregnated with AgNO 3 which is especially important for the cytogenetic characterization of a species. The utilization of these two techniques showed positive interstitial markings on the region of the long arm of the pair AMt, similar to those obtained with the CMA 3 fluorochrome and with the FISH technique complementing the cytogenetic data of this species. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2009 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v3i2.16 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v3i2.16 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1683/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1683/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v3i2.17 2009-12-29 compcytogen

Cytogenetic analysis in catfish species of the genus Peckoltia Miranda Ribeiro, 1912 (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Loricariidae) De Souza,A Nagamachi,C Milhomem,Susana Feldberg,Eliana Pieczarka,J phylogeny fish Loricariidae cytogenetics C-banding NOR Comparative Cytogenetics 3(2): 103-109 This study describes the karyotypes of three species of the genus Peckoltia (Loricariidae: Ancistrini). Fishes were collected in the Jari (Peckoltia sp. 1 and Peckoltia sp. 2) and Xingu rivers (Peckoltia vittata (Steindachner, 1881)) in the Amazon rainforest. Karyotypes were 2n = 52 for Peckoltia vittata (FN=102: 16 metacentrics (m), 20 submetacentrics (sm), 14 subtelocentrics (st), 2 acrocentrics (a)) and Peckoltia sp. 2 (FN=102: 32 m + sm, 18st, 2a). Peckoltia sp. 1 (FN=102: 44 m + sm, 6st, 2a, 1B) had 2n = 53 due to a B chromosome. The species differ in chromosomal morphology. Nucleolar Organizer Regions (NOR) was identified within a distal region of the long arm of pair 9 in Peckoltia vittata, in pair 10 and in a homologue of pair 25 in Peckoltia sp. 1, as well as in pair 17 and in a homologue of pair 18 in Peckoltia sp. 2. Chromomycin A3 banding agreed with the location of the NORs. C-banding patterns revealed large non-centromeric heterochromatic blocks, probably of a common origin. Our results suggest a higher level of similarity between Peckoltia vittata and Peckoltia sp. 1. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2009 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v3i2.17 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v3i2.17 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1684/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1684/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v3i2.18 2009-12-29 compcytogen

Karyotype characterization of planthopper species Hysteropterum albaceticum Dlabola, 1983 and Agalmatium bilobum (Fieber, 1877) (Homoptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Issidae) using AgNOR-, C- and DAPI/CMA3 -banding techniques Kuznetsova,Valentina G. Maryańska-Nadachowska,Anna Nokkala,Seppo Hysteropterum albaceticum Agalmatium bilobum Homoptera Auchenorrhyncha Issidae NORs C-heterochromatin DAPI/CMA3 -staining chiasmata polymorphism Comparative Cytogenetics 3(2): 111-123 Males of Hysteropterum albaceticum Dlabola, 1983 and Agalmatium bilobum (Fieber, 1877) display a chromosomal complement of 2n = 26 + X, which is a basic one of the tribe Issini (Issidae). In the present study, silver staining, C-banding and a base specific CMA3 -and DAPI-banding were used with the aim of identifying possible cytogenetic markers and distinguishing between karyotypes with the same chromosome number and no detectable inter-species differences in karyotype structure. We characterized the species studied in terms of the distribution and molecular structure of C-heterochromatin regions and the location of nucleolus organizing regions (NORs). The species are shown to differ considerably in the amount of heterochromatin, its distribution pattern along the karyotypes and its stain ability with DAPI and CMA3. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2009 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v3i2.18 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v3i2.18 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1685/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1685/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v3i2.19 2009-12-29 compcytogen

Chiasmate male meiosis in six species of water bugs from infraorders Nepomorpha and Gerromorpha (Insecta: Heteroptera) Grozeva,Snejana Nokkala,Seppo Simov,Nikolay water Heteroptera holokinetic chromosomes chiasmate/achiasmate male meiosis Comparative Cytogenetics 3(2): 125-130 The type of male meiosis is a stable character at the family level in the order Heteroptera and provides additional information on the relationships between taxa. The most common pattern, probably ancestral in the order is chiasmate meiosis; however achiasmate meiosis has been described in five families of terrestrial Heteroptera, all belonging to the infraorder Cimicomorpha (Anthocoridae, Microphysidae, Cimicidae, Miridae, Nabidae). Among water bugs, achiasmate meiosis is reported in the families Saldidae (Leptopodomorpha) and Мicronectidae (Nepomorpha). Regarding the third infraorder of water bugs, Gerromorpha, data on meiotic patterns are absent, except for the Limnogonus aduncus Drake, Harris, 1933 (Gerridae) possessing chiasmate meiosis. In this paper, the male meiotic pattern of six water bugs species from infraorders Nepomorpha (Plea minutissima minnutissima Leach, 1817) and Gerromorpha (Mesovelia furcata Mulsant, Ray, 1852, Microvelia reticulata (Burmeister, 1835), Gerris costae fieberi Stichel, 1938, Hydrometra gracilenta Horváth, 1899, Velia pelagonensis Hoberlandt, 1941) is studied, and the karyotypes of the last two species are described for the first time. In the species examined, bivalents are chiasmate, so all these species possess chiasmate meiosis in males. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2009 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v3i2.19 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v3i2.19 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1686/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1686/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v3i2.20 2009-12-29 compcytogen

Polyploid races, genetic structure and morphological features of the earthworm Octodrіlus transpadanus (Rosa, 1884) (Oligohaeta: Lumbricidae) in the Ukraine Garbar,A Onyschuk,I Меzhzherin,S earthworms Octolasion Octodrilus polyploidy genetic structure morphology Comparative Cytogenetics 3(2): 131-141 Kariological investigation of the earthworm Octodrilus transpadanus (Rosa, 1884) in the Ukraine showed that this species is represented by at least three races of different ploidy with the basic chromosome number n=15. Strict geographic heterogeneity of electrophoretic spectra of different populations was registered: south-eastern populations (7n=105) are characterized by a clonal structure, whereas western (from 3n = 45 to 4n = 60) and south-western (2n=30) ones have a high level of polymorphism. The Crimea sample (4n=60) is well isolated, has no clonal structure and is characterized by a series of specific alleles , which are absent in forms from continental Ukraine. All the forms turned out to be well isolated morphologically, except for the clonal forms, which are very much alike. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2009 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v3i2.20 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v3i2.20 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1687/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1687/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v4i1.21 2010-07-09 compcytogen

Geographical distribution of the cryptic species Agrodiaetus alcestis alcestis, A. alcestis karacetinae and A. demavendi (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) revealed by cytogenetic analysis Vershinina,Alisa Lukhtanov,Vladimir Agrodiaetus butterfly chromosome COI DNA barcoding cryptic species Iran karyotype Lepidoptera Lycaenidae Comparative Cytogenetics 4(1): 1-11 Agrodiaetus alcestis (Zerny, 1932) and A. demavendi (Pfeiffer, 1938) belong to the “brown” complex of the genus Agrodiaetus Hübner, 1822. This complex includes several cryptic species which are extremely uniform in wing colouration and genitalia structure, but have distinct chromosome numbers. In this paper we analyse karyotypes of A. alcestis karacetinae Lukhtanov et Dantchenko, 2002 and A. demavendi in populations from Iran. We demonstrate that A. alcestis karacetinae and A. demavendi are sympatric in the provinces Esfahan, Lorestan, Hamadan, Kurdestan, Kermanshah, and Markazi. The haploid chromosome number of A. alcestis karacetinae is found to be n=19 in all the populations studied. The karyotype of A. demavendi is not stable. The lowest chromosome numbers n=63-67 is observed in the south of the revealed distribution range (provinces Esfahan and Lorestan). The highest chromosome numbers (n=73-74) is found in Northwestern Iran in provinces Kurdestan and Zanjan. We also confirm that A. alcestis sensu lato appears as a polyphyletic taxon on the Bayesian phylogenetic tree inferred from the mitochondrial COI barcodes and should be most likely divided in two different species: A. alcestis sensu stricto and A. karacetinae. The new data on occurrence of A. admetus and A. ripartii in Iran are discussed. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2010 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v4i1.21 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v4i1.21 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1688/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1688/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v4i1.27 2010-07-09 compcytogen

A third karyosystematic investigation of the Stictotarsus griseostriatus (De Geer) group of sibling species (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) Angus,Robert Stictotarsus griseostriatus S. ibericus Alps Corsica southern Norway Dytiscidae chromosomes karyotypes sibling species Pleistocene fossils neotype Comparative Cytogenetics 4(1): 13-20 Karyological analysis has been carried out on Stictotarsus griseostriatus (De Geer, 1774) from Tjøme in southern Norway, one of the type localities of Deronectes maritimus Helliesen, 1890, as well as from the Canton of Valais in the Swiss Alps and Bavaria in the German Alps. True S. griseostriatus is shown to occur over much of the central Alps, and the synonymy of S. griseostriatus var. nigrescens Favre, 1890 is confirmed.  Analysis of Corsican material shows that the species inhabiting the island is S. ibericus Dutton et Angus, 2007. The known distributions of the S. griseostriatus group species occurring in the Alps and on Corsica are given, and Pleistocene fossil material from Starunia in the Ukrainian Carpathians is figured and discussed. A syntype of Potamodytes multilineatus Falkenström, 1922, in Helliesen’s collection in Oslo, is noted and a neotype designated for Deronectes maritimus Helliesen, 1890 as the original material on which the description was based cannot be found. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2010 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v4i1.27 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v4i1.27 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1689/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1689/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v4i1.29 2010-07-09 compcytogen

Chromosomes of parasitic wasps of the genus Metaphycus (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Encyrtidae) Gokhman,Vladimir chromosomes karyotypes Chalcidoidea Encyrtidae Metaphycus Comparative Cytogenetics 4(1): 21-25 Karyotypes of four species of the genus Metaphycus Mercet, 1917, namely, M. flavus (Howard, 1881) and M. luteolus (Timberlake, 1916) (both have n = 10 and 2n = 20), M. angustifrons Compere, 1957 (n = 9 and 2n = 18) and M. stanleyi Compere, 1940 (n = 5 and 2n = 10) were studied. The latter chromosome number, n = 5, is the lowest known one for the family Encyrtidae. A karyotype with n = 10 is considered ancestral for the genus Metaphycus. Karyotype evolution in this genus is likely to have occurred through chromosomal fusions. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2010 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v4i1.29 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v4i1.29 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1690/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1690/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v4i1.23 2010-07-09 compcytogen

Karyotype and chromosomal polymorphism of Chironomus luridus Strenzke, 1959 (Diptera: Chironomidae) in European and Asian populations Kiknadze,Iya Istomina,A karyotype banding sequences chromosomal polymorphism Chironomus luridus Comparative Cytogenetics 4(1): 27-43 The karyotype structure and chromosomal polymorphism were studied in several European (European part of Russia and the Netherlands) and Asian (Siberia and Kazakhstan) populations of Chironomus luridus Strenzke, 1959. Inversion polymorphism was detected in six of the seven chromosome arms: three banding sequences detected in arm A, six sequences in arm B, two sequences in arm C, three sequences in arm E, five sequences in arm F, and two sequences in arm G. Only arm D was monomorphic in all studied populations. In total, 22 banding sequences were recorded in Ch. luridus; they form the banding sequence pool of this species. Thus, Ch. luridus can be regarded as a very polymorphic species. However, the European and Asian populations differed considerably in the levels of polymorphism: the Asian populations were less polymorphic, containing only 8 to 10 sequences, whereas the European populations had 11 to 16 sequences. The new banding sequences lurA3, lurB5, lurE3 were found in Asian populations, whereas the sequences lurB2, lurB3, lurB4, lurB6, lurE2, lurF1, lurF2a, lurF3, lurF4, and lurG2 аre lacked. The total level of inversion heterozygosity in the Asian populations was 12-25% versus 78-80% in the European populations. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2010 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v4i1.23 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v4i1.23 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1691/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1691/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v4i1.31 2010-07-09 compcytogen

Different cytotypes in fishes of the genus Hypostomus Lcépède, 1803, (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from Xingu river (Amazon region, Brazil) Milhomem,Susana Castro,Roberta Nagamachi,C De Souza,A Feldberg,Eliana Pieczarka,Julio Siluriformes Hypostomus cytogenetics heterochromatin variability C-banding Ag-NOR CMA3 and DAPI Comparative Cytogenetics 4(1): 45-54 We analyzed the karyotypes of three specimens of fishes of the genus Hypostomus Lacepede, 1803 (Loricaridae) from Xingu River (Amazon region). We used conventional staining techniques, including C-banding, Ag-NOR staining, CMA3- and DAPI-banding. Each specimen had a different cytotype: Hypostomus sp. Xingu-1 had 2n=64 (32M/SM, 32ST/A); Hypostomus sp. Xingu-2 has 2n=66 (32M/SM, 34ST/A), and Hypostomus sp. Xingu-3 had 2n=65 (38M/SM, 26ST/A + 1 B). The three cytotypes showed similar C-, CMA3- and DAPI-banding patterns. The nucleolus organizing regions were located in the short arm of chromosome pair 25 of Hypostomus sp. Xingu-1 and pair 29 of Hypostomus sp. Xingu-2, and in the long arm of pair 30 of Hypostomus sp. Xingu-3, probably because of a pericentric inversion. A fusion/fission rearrangement explains the difference in the diploid number and number of M/SM and ST/A chromosomes between the 2n= 64 and 2n=66 cytotypes. The B chromosome most probably explains the difference between the 2n=64 and 2n=65 cytotypes. The cytotype with 2n=65 had a significantly larger number of M/SM chromosomes, probably because of pericentric inversions. These three cytotypes may represent different species. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2010 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v4i1.31 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v4i1.31 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1692/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1692/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v4i1.25 2010-07-09 compcytogen

Sexual dimorphism in prophase I of meiosis in the Northern mole vole (Ellobius talpinus Pallas, 1770) with isomorphic (XX) chromosomes in males and females Kolomiets,Oxana L. Matveevsky,Sergey Bakloushinskaya,Irina sexual dimorphism meiosis synaptonemal complex male isomorphic sex chromosomes Ellobius talpinus variable position of centromeres Comparative Cytogenetics 4(1): 55-66 The synaptonemal complex (SC) surface-spreading technique was used to visualize the process of chromosome synapsis in spermatocytes and oocytes of E. talpinus Pallas, 1770, a species with the XX sex chromosome system in both males and females. We used electron microscopy and immunofluorescent localization of synaptonemal complex protein (SCP3) and centromeric proteins to analyze the structure and behaviour of synaptonemal complexes in prophase I of meiosis, aiming to reveal signs of meiotic sexual dimorphism in this species. We present evidence of considerable differences in the structure and behaviour of the axial structures of sex bivalents in male and female meiosis, despite the isomorphic G- and C-banding patterns of mitotic sex chromosomes. During meiotic prophase I, the sex bivalent in females behaved as autosomal bivalents, but it was not involved in the formation of the bouquet configuration or it was the first to leave it. The XX chromosomes of males formed closed sex bivalents. Only short tracts of SC were formed at both ends of the sex bivalent, while large middle segments of the lateral elements remained unpaired. The male sex chromosomes also formed characteristic “sex bodies”. In fact, electron microscopy revealed dense nucleolus-like bodies associated with unpaired parts of the axial elements. These regions of the sex chromosomes were poorly immunostained, because the distribution of SCP3 had a peculiar powder-like pattern, but SCP3 was not associated with the nucleolus-like bodies. We also revealed signs of sexual dimorphism in the dynamics of formation and destruction of autosomal SCs. In males, the total SC length was shorter than in females. The chromosome bouquet configuration was preserved up to the stage of early pachytene in females. The bouquet configuration in males was not expressed. At late pachytene, gaps were revealed in the structure of autosomal SCs in spermatocytes immunostained with antibodies to SCP3. The pattern of distribution of these gaps was comparable with the G-banding patterns of mitotic chromosomes. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2010 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v4i1.25 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v4i1.25 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1693/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1693/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v4i1.22 2010-07-09 compcytogen

Y chromosome peculiarities and chromosomal G- and C-staining in Crocidura shantungensis Miller, 1901 (Soricomorpha: Soricidae) Kartavtseva,Irina Park,I-S Crocidura shantungensis mammalian karyotype chromosomal polymorphism Y chromosome G-banding C-heterochromatin Comparative Cytogenetics 4(1): 67-71 Cytogenetical examinations of Crocidura shantungensis Miller, 1901 from small Young Island of South Korea and the mainland of Russian Far East (Vladivostok) were carried out and literature data concerning Tsushima Island of Japan and Cheju Island of Korea were considered. The chromosome sets of all investigated specimens are characterized by 2n = 40 and NFa = 46. Four pairs of biarmed autosomes, 15 pairs of acrocentrics and two sex chromosomes were identified applying G- and C-banding. The X chromosome is a large metacentric whereas the Y chromosome is a middle sized acrocentric element. A variation in the Y chromosome size in samples from the three islands is noticeable. Comparative analysis of G-banded chromosomes of C. shantungensis (our material) and C. suaveolens (Pallas, 1811) (literature data) shows a similarity between karyotypes of these two species. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2010 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v4i1.22 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v4i1.22 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1694/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1694/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v4i1.30 2010-07-09 compcytogen

A distinct chromosome race of the common shrew (Sorex araneus Linnaeus, 1758) within the Arctic Circle in European Russia Pavlova,Svetlana V. karyotype chromosome race common shrew Sorex araneus Northern Europe European Russia Comparative Cytogenetics 4(1): 73-78 A unique arm chromosome combination detected in the common shrew karyotype from a Karelian locality within the Arctic Circle (Kandalaksha State Nature Reserve, European Russia) is interpreted as a new chromosome race - Poyakonda. According to the standard nomenclature of G-banded chromosomes of Sorex araneus the karyotype contains the species specific bi-armed autosomes af, bc, jl, tu and the typical complex sex chromosome system (two metacentrics XX in the female and one metacentric/two acrocentrics XY1Y2 in the male). A group of race specific chromosomes includes 4 metacentric combinations (hn, ip, kq, mo) and two acrocentric chromosomes (g and r). In all 5 shrew specimens examined the same homozygous autosome complement 2Na=20 was found. Data available from neighbouring regions in Russia and, in particular, from adjacent Fennoscandian countries reveal complex relationships between karyotypes of common shrews from the European North. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2010 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v4i1.30 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v4i1.30 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1695/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1695/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v4i1.24 2010-07-09 compcytogen

Biogeographical karyotypic variation of Rhinophylla fischerae (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) suggests the occurrence of cryptic species Gomes,A Rodrigues,L Rissino,J Nagamachi,C Pieczarka,J Rhinophylla fischerae Chiroptera karyotype cryptic species Amazon biodiversity Comparative Cytogenetics 4(1): 79-85 The genus Rhinophylla Peters, 1865 (Carolliinae: Phyllostomidae) comprises three species: R. pumilio Peters, 1865, R. fischerae Carter, 1966 and R. alethina Handley, 1966. Only the first two species have been cytogenetically studied to date. Previous studies on specimens of Rhinophylla fischerae from two populations from East of Andes (Colombia) showed the karyotype with 2n=34 and FN=56. In this paper, we report the results of cytogenetic analysis of six specimens of Rhinophylla fischerae from Brazil. Probably chromosomal differences can be found among the populations because of the geographic distance. Metaphase chromosomes were obtained in the field by direct extraction of bone marrow. The metaphases were analyzed by conventional staining, G- and C-banding, NOR-staining and FISH with telomeric probes. Rhinophylla fischerae has 2n=38 and Fundamental Number FN=68, with small amounts of constitutive heterochromatin in the centromeric regions of the chromosomes and the long arm of pair 16. Fluorescence in situ hybridization using telomeric probes did not show any interstitial sequences. Hybridization with human 18S and 28S rDNA probes and silver staining revealed the presence of Nucleolar Organizer Regions at the long arms of pairs 16 and 18. The pattern of G-banding showed that this population had a huge chromosome variation compared with previous studies on specimens of Rhinophylla fischerae. The chromosomal differences among populations that have been morphologically classified as R. fischerae suggest that this species should be considered a cryptic species complex, and that the populations from different geographical regions analyzed to date should be considered species of this complex, where the chromosomal rearrangements had key importance. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2010 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v4i1.24 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v4i1.24 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1696/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1696/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v4i1.28 2010-07-09 compcytogen

Nomenclature for the chromosomes of the common shrew (Sorex araneus) Searle,J Fedyk,S Fredga,K Hausser,J Volobouev,V G-bands standard karyotype chromosome race common shrew Sorex araneus Comparative Cytogenetics 4(1): 87-96 A G-band composite karyotype has been prepared for the common shrew (Sorex araneus Linnaeus, 1758). This includes multiple cut-outs of each chromosome arm (in different stages of contraction) derived from chromosome spreads prepared by a variety of methods by the different authors. The important features of each chromosome arm are described. The nomenclature for the chromosome arms follows that of Halkka et al. (1974) as clarified by Fredga, Nawrin (1977) and subsequent authors, i.e. italicised letters of the alphabet are used with a as the largest chromosome arm. Different authors have used a variety of methods to describe the karyotype of (a) individuals and (b) the pattern of variation within populations. Also, definitions of chromosomal ‘race’ differ. We suggest a standardised scheme for the description of individuals, populations and chromosomal races info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2010 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v4i1.28 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v4i1.28 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1697/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1697/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v4i2.41 2010-12-30 compcytogen

Karyotyping and single-gene detection using fluorescence in situ hybridization on chromosomes of Hydra magnipapillata (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) Anokhin,B Hemmrich-Stanisak,G Bosch,T Hydra magnipapillata karyotype chromosomes fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) single-gene detection Qdots Comparative Cytogenetics 4(2): 97-110 The fresh water polyp Hydra L., 1758 (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) plays a key role as a model organism in modern evolutionary and developmental biology. A complete genome sequence has been published recently for Hydra magnipapillata Ito, 1947 and molecular data are rapidly accumulating in the literature, but little information is available on its chromosomes. In this study, an efficient fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) method is described for H. magnipapillata which not only allows identification of the chromosomes but also visualization of the location of individual genetic loci. Together with cDNA and genomic sequencing this may provide the foundation for increasingly precise genetic and physical mapping in this basal metazoan model organism. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2010 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v4i2.41 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v4i2.41 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1698/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1698/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v4i2.32 2010-12-30 compcytogen

Histone H3 gene in the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas Thunberg, 1793: molecular and cytogenetic characterisations Bouilly,Karine Chaves,R Fernandes,M Guedes-Pinto,H ivalves Crassostrea gigas fluorescence in situ hybridisation histone H3 gene phylogenetics physical mapping Comparative Cytogenetics 4(2): 111-121 The Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas Thunberg, 1793 (2n = 20) is an economically important mollusc species cultured throughout the world. The most frequently used technique for molecular cytogenetic studies is fluorescence in situ hybridisation which offers new opportunities for the identification of oyster chromosomes. In oysters, it has been used to locate telomeric sequences, satellite DNA, simple sequence repeats, ribosomal RNA genes, and bacteriophage P1 clones. However, regarding chromosome identification, no study has been done with histone H3 gene. Histone H3 is among the most conserved eukaryotic proteins. Most histone H3 genes are repeatedly organised into clusters, which make them an ideal chromosomal marker. In bivalves, some data exist concerning sequence information but little knowledge is available concerning the physical mapping of histone genes. The histone H3 gene was sequenced in C. gigas and phylogenetic analysis revealed that C. gigas was more closely related to Ostrea edulis Linnaeus, 1758 and species of the genus Mytilus Linnaeus, 1758. In C. gigas, the histone H3 gene was mapped on two different pairs of chromosomes, one at an interstitial site on the long arm of chromosome pair 4, and the other on the telomeres of the smaller chromosome pair (pair 10). Polymorphism was detected on the telomeres of pair 10, once it was possible to observe single or double signals. Comparative chromosomal mapping should improve our understanding of bivalve genome organisation. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2010 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v4i2.32 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v4i2.32 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1699/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1699/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v4i2.46 2010-12-30 compcytogen

Boreonectes gen. n., a new genus for the Stictotarsus griseostriatus (De Geer) group of sibling species (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae), with additional karyosystematic data on the group Angus,Robert Dytiscidae Boreonectes new genus S. griseostriatus group sibling species chromosomes distributions Alps Pyrenees Morocco Comparative Cytogenetics 4(2): 123-131 A new genus, Boreonectes gen. n., is erected for the seven S. griseostriatus-group  species  as  well  as eight other American ones listed by Nilsson and Angus (1992) as comprising the Stictotarsus griseostriatus-group as DNA work by Ribera (2003) shows this arrangement to be untenable, and no other genus-group name has been found to be available. Chromosomal investigations have shown that B. griseostriatus (De Geer, 1774) occurs as far west as the Little St Bernard Pass in the Alps, with B. alpestris (Dutton et Angus, 2007) in the Italian Gran Paradiso National Park to the south of this. B. multilineatus (Falkenström, 1922) is recorded from the Pyrenees for the first time, and B. ibericus (Dutton et Angus, 2007) is shown to be present in the Moyen Atlas of Morocco. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2010 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v4i2.46 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v4i2.46 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1700/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1700/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v4i2.47 2010-12-30 compcytogen

Meiotic behaviour of chromosomes in three predator species of the subfamily Asopinae (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) Kaur,Harbhajan Semahagn,B chromosomes diffuse stage metaphase arrangement Asopinae Pentatomidae Comparative Cytogenetics 4(2): 133-139 The study of chromosome behaviour has been carried out on males of three species of the Asopinae (Pentatomidae) bugs Andrallus spinidens (Fabricius, 1787), Canthecona furcellata Wolff, 1801 and Perillus bioculatus (Fabricius, 1775) collected in India. All the species have XY sex chromosome system and 12 autosomes (2n=14=12A+XY). The general course of meiosis is fairly uniform and is typical for heteropteran species. However, the species differ in the extent of decondensation of the autosomes during the diffuse stage and the number of ring bivalents at diplotene/diakinesis. Also, a metaphase I arrangement of chromosomes which is different from the typical Pentatomidae type has been observed in C. furcellata and P. bioculatus. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2010 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v4i2.47 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v4i2.47 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1701/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1701/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v4i2.50 2010-12-30 compcytogen

Chromosomal location of heterochromatin and 45S rDNA sites in four South American triatomines (Heteroptera: Reduviidae) Bardella,Vanessa Gaeta,M Vanzela,André Luís Laforga Azeredo-Oliveira,M FISH holokinetic chromosomes repetitive DNA Triatoma 45S rDNA Comparative Cytogenetics 4(2): 141-149 The Triatominae are distributed in Brazilian regions and are the vector of Chagas disease. This group is also characterized by lower karyotype variability, occurrence of holokinetic chromosomes and inverted meiosis of the sex chromosomes. In this study, we determined the karyotype of four species of the genus Triatoma Laporte, 1832 using chromosome measurement, chromosome banding and FISH with a 45S rDNA probe. All samples showed 2n = 20A+XY with chromosomes sorted by size in decreasing order. Heterochromatin of Triatoma infestans melanosoma Lent, Jurberg, Galvão, Carcavallo, 1994 is distributed among eight autosomes and the sex chromosomes. In Triatoma brasiliensis Neiva, 1911, T. matogrossensis Leite, Barbosa, 1953 and T. rubrovaria Blanchard, 1834, heterochromatin was restricted to the Y chromosome, which was characterized as DAPI+ (weak signal). FISH using a 45S rDNA probe of Drosophila melanogaster Meigen, 1830 showed differences in the number and location of hybridization sites. T. brasiliensis and T. rubrovaria showed the signal on one autosome pair. T. matogrossensis showed signals on both sex chromosomes, and T. infestans melanosoma only on the X chromosome. Conventional banding analysis suggests a closer relationship between T. brasiliensis, T. matogrossensis and T. rubrovaria, except with regard to 45S rDNA location in T. matogrossensis, and a more differentiated karyotype in T. infestans melanosoma. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2010 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v4i2.50 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v4i2.50 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1702/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1702/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v4i2.36 2010-12-30 compcytogen

Bed bug cytogenetics: karyotype, sex chromosome system, FISH mapping of 18S rDNA, and male meiosis in Cimex lectularius Linnaeus, 1758 (Heteroptera: Cimicidae) Grozeva,Snejana Kuznetsova,Valentina G. Anokhin,B holokinetic chromosomes karyotype multiple sex chromosomes achiasmate collochore meiosis FISH with an 18S rDNA probe Cimex lectularius Comparative Cytogenetics 4(2): 151-160 Bugs (Insecta: Heteroptera) are frequently used as examples of unusual cytogenetic characters, and the family Cimicidae is one of most interest in this respect. We have performed a cytogenetic study of the common bed bug Cimex lectularius Linnaeus, 1758 using both classical (Schiff-Giemsa and AgNO3-staining) and molecular cytogenetic techniques (base-specific DAPI/CMA3 fluorochromes and FISH with an 18S rDNA probe). Males originated from a wild population of C. lectularius were found to have 2n = 26 + X1X2Y, holokinetic chromosomes, 18S rRNA genes located on the X1 and Y chromosomes; achiasmate male meiosis of a collochore type; MI and MII plates nonradial and radial respectively. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2010 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v4i2.36 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v4i2.36 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1703/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1703/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v4i2.45 2010-12-30 compcytogen

Polymorphism of mitochondrial COI and nuclear ribosomal ITS2 in the Culex pipiens complex and in Culex torrentium (Diptera: Culicidae) Shaikevich,E Zakharov,I Polymorphism Culex torrentium Culex pipiens mitochondrial COI Comparative Cytogenetics 4(2): 161-174 Polymorphism of the mtDNA gene COI encoding cytochrome C oxidase subunit I was studied in the mosquitoes Culex pipiens Linnaeus, 1758 and C. torrentium Martini, 1925 from sixteen locations in Russia and in three laboratory strains of subtropical subspecies of the C. pipiens complex. Representatives of this complex are characterized by a high ecological plasticity and there are significant ecophysiological differences between its morphologically similar members. The full-size DNA sequence of the gene COI spans 1548 bp and has a total A+T content of 70.2 %. The TAA is a terminating codon in all studied representatives of the C. pipiens complex and C. torrentium. 64 variable nucleotide sites (4 %) were found, fifteen haplotypes were detected, and two heteroplasmic specimens of C. torrentium were recorded. COI haplotype diversity was low  in Wolbachia–infected populations of the C. pipiens complex. Monomorphic haplotypes were found in C. p. quinquefasciatus and C. p. pipiens f. molestus. Three haplotypes were detected for the C. p. pipiens, but these haplotypes were not population-specific. On the other hand, each of the ten studied Wolbachia-uninfected C. torrentium individuals from three different populations had unique mitochondrial haplotypes. Polymorphism of the 478-bp ITS2 nucleotide sequences was similar in infected C. p. pipiens and C. p. pipiens f. molestus and uninfected C. torrentium specimens. The ITS2 genetic distance between C. p. pipiens and C. torrentium reached 12.5 %. Possible effects of Wolbachia invasion on C. pipiens populations are discussed. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2010 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v4i2.45 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v4i2.45 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1704/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1704/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v4i2.48 2010-12-30 compcytogen

Differential chromosomal markers between sympatric karyomorphs of the fish Hoplias malabaricus (Bloch, 1794) (Characiformes: Erythrinidae) Rosa,Renata Rubert,Marceléia Giuliano-Caetano,L. Martins-Santos,I chromosomal banding karyotype differentiation species complex Comparative Cytogenetics 4(2): 175-184 Cytogenetic analyses were performed on Hoplias malabaricus (Bloch, 1794) from the Taquari River, Parana River drainage, revealing two sympatric karyomorphs. One karyomorph was characterized by 2n = 40 m/sm and 2n = 39 m/sm chromosomes for females and males, respectively, and an X1X1X2X2/X1X2Y sex chromosome system. In the second karyomorph, specimens showed 2n = 42 m/sm chromosomes, without sex-related heteromorphism. Both karyomorphs were characterized by a distribution of heterochromatin in the pericentromeric and telomeric regions. In addition to the differences in the diploid numbers and the sex chromosomes, the GC-rich sites and the nucleolar organizer regions also showed clear differences between the karyomorphs. Coupled with the occurrence of unique chromosomal features within each karyomorph, the fact that hybrids have not been identified in the sampled population provides additional support of the existence of a species complex in H. malabaricus. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2010 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v4i2.48 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v4i2.48 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1705/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1705/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v4i2.49 2010-12-30 compcytogen

Cytogenetic characterization of Brycon amazonicus (Spix et Agassiz, 1829) (Teleostei: Characidae) from Caicara del Orinoco, Venezuela Mariguela,T Nirchio,M Ron,E Gaviria,J Foresti,Fausto Oliveira,Claudio Characidae C-banding karyotype NORs 18S rDNA 5S rDNA Comparative Cytogenetics 4(2): 185-193 A cytogenetic analysis by conventional Giemsa staining, silver staining, C-banding, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was carried out on Brycon amazonicus from Caicara del Orinoco, Venezuela. The karyotype of this species is characterized by the presence of 2n = 50 chromosomes, a karyotypic formula 22m+14sm+14st, and a fundamental number of 100 chromosomal arms. Nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) and 18S rDNA genes are located in the terminal regions of the long arms of the second pair of subtelocentric chromosomes, corresponding to pair 13. C-banding revealed heterochromatin distribution in only seven chromosome pairs. The largest metacentric pair (number 1) possesses a paracentromeric block equilocally distributed in both chromosome arms, whereas in pairs 12 to 17 positive C band blocks were located in the paracentromeric region of the long arm, close to the centromere. Analysis performed with 5S rDNA gene revealed a terminal site located on the short arm of one small submetacentric chromosome (pair 15) corroborating previous studies with this repetitive gene showing an apparent conservation of 5S rDNA in the genome of these fish species. The data obtained in this study reinforce the chromosomal conservativeness in the species of the genus Brycon, related not only to the macro-chromosomal structure (diploid number, karyotypic formula, and fundamental number), but also to the repeated DNAs, such as heterochromatic regions and ribosomal DNAs. These data will contribute to a better understanding of chromosomal evolution in both Brycon and Characidae fishes. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2010 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v4i2.49 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v4i2.49 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1706/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1706/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v4i2.43 2010-12-30 compcytogen

A wide hybrid zone of chromosome races of the common shrew, Sorex araneus Linnaeus, 1758 (Mammalia), between the Dnieper and Berezina Rivers (Belarus) Borisov,Yu Cherepanova,E Orlov,Victor common shrew Sorex araneus chromosome race hybrid zone Comparative Cytogenetics 4(2): 195-201 Karyological study of 75 specimens of the common shrew, Sorex araneus Linnaeus, 1758, from 8 localities in the Berezina River basin (eastern Belarus) was carried out. A wide hybrid zone (not less than 100 km) between the northern West Dvina chromosome race (XX / XYY, af, bc, gm, hk, ip, jl, no, qr, tu) and the southern Turov race (XX / XYY, af, bc, g, h/k, i, jl, m, n, o, p, q, r, tu) was revealed in this region. Frequencies of fused-unfused arms comprising four diagnostic metacentrics of the West Dvina race (g/m, h/k, n/o, q/r) were calculated in all capture sites. Taking into consideration the absence of metacentric ip in specimens from six northern localities, the Borisov (Bs) race (XX / XYY, af, bc, g/m, h/k, i, jl, n/o, p, q/r, tu) (Orlov, Borisov, 2009) was distinguished in these sites. Common shrews from two southern localities on the right and left banks of the Berezina River (Berezino vicinity) were referred to the Turov race. The presence of four metacentrics descended from the West Dvina race in the Bs race testifies to the hypothesis expressed earlier that the polymorphic populations of the S. araneus between the Dnieper and Berezina Rivers originated as a result of the West Dvina race spreading from the north and of hybridization between this race and local populations with acrocentric chromosomes. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2010 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v4i2.43 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v4i2.43 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1707/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1707/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v4i2.44 2010-12-30 compcytogen

Karyotypes of six previously unstudied European mealybugs (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) Gavrilov-Zimin,Ilya Trapeznikova,I mealybugs scale insects karyotype chromosome number Comparative Cytogenetics 4(2): 203-205 Phenacoccus peruvianus Granada de Willink, 2007, Ph. prope avenae Borchsenius, 1949, Ph. hordei (Lindeman, 1886), Вalanococcus boratynskii Williams, 1962, Trionymus  radicum (Newstead, 1895), Rhizoecus halophilus (Hardy, 1868) were studied karyologically for the first time. All species demonstrate 2n=10 and a Lecanoid genetic system. Photos of karyotypes of all studied species are given. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2010 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v4i2.44 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v4i2.44 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1708/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1708/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v4i2.42 2010-12-30 compcytogen

Intraspecific chromosome variability Dubinin,N Sokolov,N Tiniakov,G Intraspecific chromosome variabilit Comparative Cytogenetics 4(2): 207-214 (Editorial preface). The publication is presented in order to remind us of one of dramatic pages of the history of genetics. It re-opens for the contemporary reader a comprehensive work marking the priority change from plant cytogenetics to animal cytogenetics led by wide population studies which were conducted on Drosophila polytene chromosomes. The year of the publication (1937) became the point of irretrievable branching between the directions of Old World and New World genetics connected with the problems of chromosome variability and its significance for the evolution of the species. The famous book of T. Dobzhansky (1937) was published by Columbia University in the US under the title “Genetics and the origin of species”, and in the shadow of this American ‘skybuilding’ all other works grew dim. It is remarkable that both Dobzhansky and Dubinin come to similar conclusions about the role of chromosomes in speciation. This is not surprising given that they both might be considered as representatives of the Russian genetic school, by their birth and education. Interestingly, Dobzhansky had never referred to the full paper of Dubinin et al. (1937), though a previous short communication in Nature (1936) was included together with all former papers on the related subject. In full, the volume of the original publication printed in the Biological Journal in Moscow comprised 47 pages, in that number 41 pages of the Russian text accompanied by 16 Figs, a table and reference list, and, above all, 6 pages of the English summary. This final part in English is now reproduced in the authors’ version with the only addition being the reference list in the originally printed form. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2010 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v4i2.42 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v4i2.42 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1709/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1709/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v5i1.1143 2011-05-05 compcytogen

Male meiosis, heterochromatin characterization and chromosomal location of rDNA in Microtomus lunifer (Berg, 1900) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Hammacerinae) Poggio,María Bressa,María José Papeschi,Alba Hemiptera Reduviidae Hammacerinae meiosis m-chromosomes evolutionary trends rDNA-FISH Comparative Cytogenetics 5(1): 1-22 In the present work, we analysed the male meiosis, the content and distribution of heterochromatin and the number and location of nucleolus organizing regions in Microtomus lunifer (Berg, 1900) by means of standard technique, C- and fluorescent bandings, and fluorescent in situ hybridization with an 18S rDNA probe. This species is the second one cytogenetically analysed within the Hammacerinae. Its male diploid chromosome number is 31 (2n=28+X1X2Y), including a minute pair of m-chromosomes. The diploid autosomal number and the presence of m-chromosomes are similar to those reported in M. conspicillaris (Drury, 1782) (2n=28+XY). However, M. lunifer has a multiple sex chromosome system X1X2Y (male) that could have originated by fragmentation of the ancestral X chromosome. Taking into account that M. conspicillaris and M. lunifer are the only two species within Reduviidae that possess m-chromosomes, the presence of this pair could be a synapomorphy for the species of this genus. C- and fluorescent bandings showed that the amount of heterochromatin in M. lunifer was small, and only a small CMA3 bright band was observed in the largest autosomal pair at one terminal region. FISH with the 18S rDNA probe demonstrated that ribosomal genes were terminally placed on the largest autosomal pair. Our present results led us to propose that the location of rDNA genes could be associated with variants  of the sex chromosome systems in relation with a kind of the sex chromosome systems within this family. Furthermore, the terminal location of NOR in the largest autosomal pair allowed us to use it as a chromosome marker and, thus, to infer that the kinetic activity of both ends is not a random process, and there is an inversion of this activity. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2011 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v5i1.1143 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v5i1.1143 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1710/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1710/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v5i1.975 2011-05-05 compcytogen

Karyotypes of Chironomus Meigen (Diptera: Chironomidae) species from Africa Wülker,Wolfgang F. Kiknadze,Iya Istomina,A Chironomus karyotype banding sequences chromosomal polymorphism chromosomal evolution Comparative Cytogenetics 5(1): 23-46 The karyotypes of six African Chironomus species (Ch. alluaudi Kieffer, 1913, Ch. transvaalensis Kieffer, 1923, Ch. sp. Nakuru, Ch. formosipennis Kieffer, 1908, Ch. prope pulcher Wiedemann, 1830, Ch. sp. Kisumu) were investigated; four of these karyotypes were described for the first time (Ch. sp. Nakuru, Ch. formosipennis, Ch. prope pulcher, Ch. sp. Kisumu). Of the six Chironomus karyotypes, three had “pseudothummi” cytocomplex chromosome arms combinations AE CD BF G (Ch. alluaudi, Ch. transvaalensis, Ch. sp. Nakuru), two had “thummi” cytocomplex arms combinations AB CD EF G (Ch. formosipennis, Ch. prope pulcher), and one had “parathummi” arm combinations AC BF DE G (Ch. sp. Kisumu). Thus, three of the ten main cytocomplexes known were detected in Africa. Detailed photomaps of all chromosome arms, with the exception of arms B and G, were prepared for the karyotypes of Ch. alluaudi, Ch. transvaalensis, Ch. sp. Nakuru, Ch. prope pulcher; the karyotypes of Ch. formosipennis, Ch. sp. Kisumu could only be fragmentarily mapped. Endemic African banding sequences were characteristic for most of the chromosomal arms in all species studied. However, basic sequences, which can be present in different Chironomus species on different continents (Wülker, 1980; Kiknadze et al., 2008), were also detected also in several African species (Ch. alluaudi, Ch. sp. Nakuru, and Ch. formosipennis). The banding sequences of African species studied allow discussion of the derivation of modern banding patterns from hypothetical species, living before separation of cytocomplexes and continents. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2011 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v5i1.975 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v5i1.975 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1711/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1711/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v5i1.962 2011-05-05 compcytogen

Patterns of rDNA chromosomal localization in Palearctic Cephalota and Cylindera (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Cicindelini) with different numbers of X-chromosomes Proença,Sonia J. R. Serrano,Artur R.M. Serrano,Jose Galian,Jose Cephalota Cylindera Cicindelini Coleoptera FISH ribosomal genes chromosome evolution Comparative Cytogenetics 5(1): 47-59 The ribosomal clusters of six Paleartic taxa belonging to the tiger beetle genera Cephalota Dokhtourow, 1883 and Cylindera Westwood, 1831, with multiple sex chromosomes (XXY, XXXY and XXXXY) have been localised on mitotic and meiotic cells by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), using a PCR-amplified 18S rDNA fragment as a probe. Four patterns of rDNA localization in these tiger beetles were found: 1. Two clusters located in one autosomal pair; 2. Two clusters located in one autosomal pair and one in an X chromosome; 3. Three clusters located in three heterosomes (XXY); 4. Two clusters located in one autosomal pair and two in the heterosomes (one of the Xs and the Y). These results illustrate that ribosomal cistrons have changed their number and localization during the evolution of these genera, showing a dynamic rather than a conservative pattern. These changes in rDNA localization are uncoupled with changes in the number of autosomes and/or heterosomes. A mechanism that involves transposable elements that carry ribosomal cistrons appears to be the most plausible explanation for these dynamics that involve jumping from one location in the genome to another, in some cases leaving copies in the original location. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2011 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v5i1.962 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v5i1.962 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1712/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1712/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v5i1.1141 2011-05-05 compcytogen

Cytogenetic characterization of three Balistoidea fish species from the Atlantic with inferences on chromosomal evolution in the families Monacanthidae and Balistidae Lima,Lorena Martinez,Pablo Molina,Wagner Balistoidea fish cytogenetics karyotype evolution Tetraodontiformes Comparative Cytogenetics 5(1): 61-69 The Tetraodontiformes are the most derived group of teleostean fish. Among other apomorphies, they are characterized by a high degree of fusions or significant bone loss in the head and body. In the early phylogenetic proposals presented for this order, the families Balistidae and Monacanthidae have been unanimously considered to be closely related. Although they have moderate species diversity, they are scarcely known in cytogenetic aspect and chromosomal pattern comparisons between these groups have yet to be established. The species Cantherhines macrocerus (Hollard,1853), C. pullus (Ranzani, 1842) (Monacanthidae) and Melichthys niger (Bloch, 1786) (Balistidae) were cytogenetically analyzed using conventional (Ag-impregnation, C-banding, CMA3- and DAPI-fluorescence) and molecular (FISH with an 18S rDNA probe) cytogenetic protocols. The karyotypes of all three species were very similar possessing diploid chromosome numbers 2n = 40 and composed exclusively of acrocentric chromosomes. Single NOR-bearing pair as well as positive heterochromatic blocks at pericentromeric regions were identified in the karyotypes of the three species studied. NOR-bearing sites were positively labeled after Ag-impregnation, C-banding, CMA3-fluorescence and FISH with an 18S rDNA probe but were negative after DAPI-fluorescence. Such remarkable shared conspicuous chromosomal characters corroborate either close phylogenetic relationship of these families, previously established by morphological and molecular data, or rather conservative nature of karyotype differentiation processes. The later hypothesis, however, appears less probable due to centric or in tandem fusions documented for another Balistoidea species. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2011 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v5i1.1141 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v5i1.1141 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1713/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1713/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v5i2.961 2011-07-01 compcytogen

Molecular characterization of constitutive heterochromatin in three species of Trypoxylon (Hymenoptera, Crabronidae, Trypoxylini) by CMA3/DAPI staining Menezes,Rodolpho Carvalho,A.F. Silva,Janisete Costa,M. A. Comparative cytogenetics heterochromatin CMA3/DAPI Comparative Cytogenetics 5(2): 71-80 Previous cytogenetic analyses in Trypoxylon Latreille, 1796 have been basically restricted to C-banding. In the present study, base-specific CMA3 and DAPI fluorochrome staining were used to characterize the constitutive heterochromatin in three Trypoxylon species. The heterochromatin was GC-rich in all the species studied; however, in Trypoxylon nitidum F. Smith, 1856 the molecular composition of the heterochromatin was different among chromosome pairs. Conversely, the euchromatin was AT-rich in the three species. These results suggest high conservatism in the euchromatic regions as opposed to the heterochromatic regions that have a high rate of changes. In this study, we report the karyotype of Trypoxylon rugifrons F. Smith, 1873 which has the lowest chromosome number in the genus and other characteristics of the likely ancestral Trypoxylon karyotype. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2011 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v5i2.961 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v5i2.961 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1719/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1719/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v5i2.1151 2011-07-01 compcytogen

Banded karyotype of the Konya wild sheep (Ovis orientalis anatolica Valenciennes, 1856) from Turkey Zima,Jan Arslan,Atilla cytogenetics Ovis sheep domestication Turkey Comparative Cytogenetics 5(2): 81-89 The karyotype, C-banding, and nucleoar organizer regions (NORs) of eight specimens of Konya wild sheep from Turkey were examined. The complement included six large metacentric autosomes, 46 acrocentric autosomes of decreasing size, a medium-sized acrocentric X chromosome, and a small bi-armed Y chromosome (the diploid chromosome number 2n=54, the number of autosomal arms NFa=58, the number of chromosome arms NF=61). G-banding allowed reliable identification of all the chromosome pairs and the pairing of homologous elements. All the autosomes possessed distinct centromeric or pericentromeric C-positive bands. The X chromosome had a pericentromeric C-positive band, and the Y chromosome was entirely C-heterochromatic. The NORs were located in the terminal regions of the long arms of three metacentric and two acrocentric autosomes. The karyotype of the Konya wild sheep and its banding patterns are quite similar to chromosome complement reported in domestic sheep and European mouflon. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2011 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v5i2.1151 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v5i2.1151 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1718/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1718/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v5i2.968 2011-07-01 compcytogen

Polyploid races, genetic structure and morphological features of earthworm Aporrectodea rosea (Savigny, 1826) (Oligohaeta, Lumbricidae) in Ukraine Vlasenko,R.P. Меzhzherin,S Garbar,A Kotsuba,I. Yu. earthworms Aporrectodea rosea polyploidy genetic structure morphology Comparative Cytogenetics 5(2): 91-103 Four chromosomal races (2n=36, 3n=54, 6n=108, 8n=144) and 96 clones have been revealed among 224 specimens of the earthworm A. rosea over the territory of Ukraine by means of karyological analysis and biochemical genetic marking. Each population has been showed by several clones at least; moreover the clones from different places have never been identical. The clones in the range of one population can be identified with the set of quantitative and qualitative parameters. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2011 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v5i2.968 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v5i2.968 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1717/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1717/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v5i2.969 2011-07-01 compcytogen

Karyotype analysis of ten sections of Trigonella (Fabaceae) Martin,Esra Akan,H. Ekici,M. Aytac,Z. Somatic chromosome Turkey Fabaceae karyotype Comparative Cytogenetics 5(2): 105-121 Karyotypes of ten sections of genus Trigonella Linnaeus, 1753 (Fabaceae) from Turkey were investigated. Somatic chromosome numbers of examined species were determined as 2n=14 and 16. The karyotype analyses of the species were carried out and somatic chromosome numbers of Trigonella plicata Boiss., 1872, T. brachycarpa (Fisch.) Moris, 1833, T. rostrata Boiss., 1872, T. lunata Boiss., 1843, T. isthmocarpa Boiss. et Balansa 1856, T. rhytidocarpa Boiss. et Balansa, 1859, T. spicata Sibth. et Sm., 1813, T. cephalotes Boiss. et Balansa 1856, T. capitata Boiss., 1843 and T. gladiata Steven, 1808 were reported for the first time. Two pairs of satellite metaphase chromosomes were observed in T. cariensis Boiss., 1843 and one pair in T. lunata. Moreover, 2 B-chromosomes were found only in T. procumbens Rchb., 1830 among all studied species. The aims of this study are to provide karyological data for a significant pool of the taxa, to show differences among them in the number, size and morphology of somatic chromosomes, to verify previous reports or represent numbers which are different from those cited previously. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2011 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v5i2.969 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v5i2.969 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1716/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1716/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v5i2.960 2011-07-01 compcytogen

Ommexecha virens (Thunberg, 1824) and Descampsacris serrulatum (Serville, 1831) (Orthoptera, Ommexechidae): karyotypes, constitutive heterochromatin and nucleolar organizing regions Carvalho,D.B. Rocha,M.F. Loreto,V. Silva,A.E.B. Souza,M. J. FISH grasshopper Ommexechidae rDNA Ommexecha virens Descampsacris serrulatum Comparative Cytogenetics 5(2): 123-132 Chromosomes of Ommexecha virens and Descampsacris serrulatum (Ommexechidae) were analyzed through conventional staining, C-banding, base specific fluorochromes, silver nitrate impregnation (AgNO3), and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with probe for 45S rDNA. The two species presented diploid number 2n= 23,X0 in males and acrocentric autosomes, except the pair one that presented submetacentric morphology. The X chromosome has distinct morphology in the two analyzed species, being a medium acrocentric in O. virens and large submetacentric in D. serrulatum. The C-banding revealed pericentromeric blocks of constitutive heterochromatin (CH) in all the chromosomes of D. serrulatum. For O. virens it was evidenced that the blocks of CH are preferentially located in the pericentromeric area (however some bivalents presents additional blocks) or in different positions. The staining with CMA3/DA/DAPI showed GC rich CH blocks (CMA3+) in some chromosomes of the two species. The nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) were located in the bivalents L2, S9, S10 of O. virens and M5, M6, M7, S11 of D. serrulatum. The FISH for rDNA showed coincident results with the pattern of active NORs revealed by AgNO3. This work presents the first chromosomal data, obtained through differential cytogenetics techniques in Ommexechidae, contributing to a better characterization of karyotypic evolution for this grasshopper family. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2011 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v5i2.960 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v5i2.960 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1715/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1715/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v5i2.964 2011-07-01 compcytogen

Description of karyotype in Hypostomus regani (Ihering, 1905) (Teleostei, Loricariidae) from the Piumhi river in Brazil with comments on karyotype variation found in Hypostomus Mendes-Neto,Ernani de Oliveira Vicari,Marcelo Ricardo Artoni,Roberto Moreira-Filho,Orlando citotaxonomy karyotype diversification rDNA Comparative Cytogenetics 5(2): 133-142 The paper represents a comparative cytogenetic analysis of three populations of Hypostomus regani in Brazil. Two populations belong to the Upper Paraná River Basin and the third one, the karyotype of which is described for the first time, was probably introduced into the São Francisco River Basin through transposition from the Piumhi River. Karyotype features of populations of H. regani from the Piracicaba and Tietê River Basins are also discussed. The occurrence of H. regani in the São Francisco River Basin is reported for the first time here. The study also revealed distinct differences in the location of the Ag-NORs between the analyzed populations that enable individuals from the Piumhi River, Mogi-Guaçu River and Tietê River to be distinguished from one another. Thus, the data obtained indicate the possibility of geographic variation fixing different karyotypes even in the same basin of origin. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2011 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v5i2.964 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v5i2.964 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1714/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1714/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v5i3.1359 2011-08-24 compcytogen

Male meiosis, morphometric analysis and distribution pattern of 2× and 4× cytotypes of Ranunculus hirtellus Royle, 1834 (Ranunculaceae) from the cold regions of northwest Himalayas (India) Kumar,Puneet Singhal,Vijay Chromosome number cytotype cytomixis Lahaul-Spiti Manali hills Manimahesh hills meiotic abnormalities stomata. Comparative Cytogenetics 5(3): 143-161 In this study, we examined the chromosome number, detailed male meiosis, microsporogenesis, pollen fertility and morphological features and distribution of 2× and 4× cytotypes of Ranunculus hirtellus Royle, 1834. The majority of the populations scored now from cold regions of the northwest Himalayas showed tetraploid (n=16) meiotic chromosome count and one of the populations studied from the Manimahesh hills existed at diploid level (n=8). The individuals of diploid cytotype exhibited perfectly normal meiotic course resulting in 100% pollen fertility and pollen grains of uniform sizes. On the other hand, the plants of the tetraploid cytotype from all the populations in spite of showing normal bivalent formation and equal distribution to the opposite poles at anaphases showed various meiotic abnormalities. The most prominent among these meiotic abnormalities was the cytomixis which involved inter PMC (pollen mother cell) chromatin material transfer at different stages of meiosis-I. The phenomenon of cytomixis induced various meiotic abnormalities which include chromatin stickiness, pycnotic chromatin, laggards and chromatin bridges, out of plate bivalents at metaphase-I, disoriented chromatin material at anaphase/telophase and micronuclei. Consequently, these populations exhibited varying percentages of pollen sterility (24 - 77 %) and pollen grains of heterogeneous sizes. Analysis of various morphometric features including the stomata in 2× and 4× cytotypes showed that increase in ploidy level in the species is correlated with gigantism of vegetative and floral characters and the two cytotypes can be distinguished from each other on the basis of morphological characters. The distribution patterns of the 2× and 4× cytotypes now detected and 2×, 3×, 4× cytotypes detected earlier by workers from other regions of the Indian Himalayas have also been discussed. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2011 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v5i3.1359 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v5i3.1359 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1727/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1727/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v5i3.1724 2011-08-24 compcytogen

Cytogenetic and molecular analysis of the holocentric chromosomes of the potato aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas, 1878) Monti,Valentina Manicardi,Gian Carlo Mandrioli,Mauro aphid holocentric chromosomes telomeres heterochromatin NOR heteromorphism Comparative Cytogenetics 5(3): 163-172 Cytogenetic and molecular investigations on the holocentric chromosomes of the aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas, 1878) have been carried out using silver staining and C-banding (followed by chromomycin A3 and DAPI staining) in order to improve our knowledge about the structure of aphid chromosomes. The C-banding pattern is peculiar since only the two X chromosomes and a single pair of autosomes presented heterochromatic bands. Silver staining and FISH with the 28S rDNA probe localized the rDNA genes on one telomere of each X chromosome that were also brightly fluorescent after chromomycin A3 staining of C-banded chromosomes, whereas all other heterochromatic bands were DAPI positive. Interestingly, a remarkable nucleolar organizing region (NOR) heteromorphism was present making the two X chromosomes easily distinguishable. Southern blotting and FISH assessed the presence of the (TTAGG)n repeat at the ends of all the M. euphorbiae chromosomes. Karyotype analysis showed that all males possessed the X chromosome with the larger amount of rDNA suggesting a non-Mendelian inheritance of the two X chromosomes. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2011 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v5i3.1724 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v5i3.1724 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1726/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1726/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v5i3.1185 2011-08-24 compcytogen

A karyosystematic analysis of some water beetles related to Deronectes Sharp (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae) Angus,Robert Tatton,A Chromosomes karyotypes Dytiscidae Deronectes Stictotarsus Scarodytes Trichonectes Nebrioporus species phylogeny. Comparative Cytogenetics 5(3): 173-190 An account is given of the karyotypes of five species and one additional subspecies of Deronectes Sharp, 1882, three species of Stictotarsus Zimmermann, 1919, one species of Trichonectes Guignot, 1941, four species of Scarodytes Gozis, 1914 and 17 species of Nebrioporus Régimbart, 1906. Deronectes species are characterised by a neo-Xy system of sex chromosomes and autosome numbers ranging from 60 (D. ferrugineus Fery et Brancucci, 1987 and D. wewalkai Fery et Fresneda, 1988) through 48 (D. latus (Stephens, 1829), D. angusi Fery et Brancucci, 1990) to 28 (D. costipennis Brancucci, 1983, D. costipennis gignouxi Fery et Brancucci, 1989 and D. platynotus (Germar, 1834)). The three species of Stictotarsus, S. duodecimpustulatus (Fabricius, 1792), S. procerus (Aubé, 1838) and S. bertrandi (Legros, 1956), all belonging to the S. duodecimpustulatus group of species, have karyotypes comprising 54 autosomes and neo-Xy sex chromosomes. Trichonectes otini Guignot, 1941 has 48 autosomes and an X0 system of sex chromosomes, an arrangement shared with the 17 species of Nebrioporus Régimbart. The four Scarodytes species, S. halensis (Fabricius, 1787), S. nigriventris (Zimmermann, 1919), S. fuscitarsis (Aubé, 1838) and S. malickyi Wewalka, 1997, all have 54 autosomes and X0 sex chromosomes. The karyotypes of the various species are found to be distinctive and to support separation of these species from one another. In two cases (Nebrioporus martinii (Fairmaire, 1858) and N. sardus (Gemminger et Harold, 1868), and Scarodytes halensis and S. fuscitarsis) the karyotypes require the recognition of the taxa as full species, not subspecies. The implications of these data for the generic classification are considered. The data are found to be compatible with the DNA-based phylogeny proposed by Ribera (2003), where the enlarged Stictotarsus proposed by Nilsson and Angus (1992) is found to be unsatisfactory. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2011 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v5i3.1185 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v5i3.1185 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1725/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1725/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v5i3.1730 2011-08-24 compcytogen

“Darwin’s butterflies”? DNA barcoding and the radiation of the endemic Caribbean butterfly genus Calisto (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) Sourakov,Andrei Zakharov,Evgeny COI biogeography DNA barcoding islands intraspecific variation Lepidoptera Nymphalidae Satyrinae speciation taxonomy Comparative Cytogenetics 5(3): 191-210 The genus Calisto Hübner, 1823 is the only member of the diverse, global subfamily Satyrinae found in the West Indies, and by far the richest endemic Caribbean butterfly radiation. Calisto species occupy an extremely diverse array of habitats, suggestive of adaptive radiation on the scale of other classic examples such as the Galápagos or Darwin’s finches. However, a reliable species classification is a key requisite before further evolutionary or ecological research. An analysis of 111 DNA ‘barcodes’ (655 bp of the mitochondrial gene COI) from 29 putative Calisto species represented by 31 putative taxa was therefore conducted to elucidate taxonomic relationships among these often highly cryptic and confusing taxa. The sympatric, morphologically and ecologically similar taxa C. confusa Lathy, 1899 and C. confusa debarriera Clench, 1943 proved to be extremely divergent, and we therefore recognize Calisto debarriera stat. n. as a distinct species, with Calisto neiba Schwartz et Gali, 1984 as a junior synonym syn. n. Species status of certain allopatric, morphologically similar sister species has been confirmed: Calisto hysius (Godart, 1824) (including its subspecies C. hysius aleucosticha Correa et Schwartz, 1986, stat. n.), and its former subspecies C. batesi Michener, 1943 showed a high degree of divergence (above 6%) and should be considered separate species. Calisto lyceius Bates, 1935/C. crypta Gali, 1985/C. franciscoi Gali, 1985 complex, also showed a high degree of divergence (above 6%), confirming the species status of these taxa. In contrast, our data suggest that the Calisto grannus Bates, 1939 species complex (including Calisto grannus dilemma González, 1987, C. grannus amazona González, 1987, stat. n., C. grannus micrommata Schwartz et Gali, 1984, stat. n., C. grannus dystacta González, 1987, stat. n., C. grannus phoinix González, 1987, stat. n., C. grannus sommeri Schwartz et Gali, 1984, stat. n., and C. grannus micheneri Clench, 1944, stat. n.) should be treated as a single polytypic species, as genetic divergence among sampled populations representing these taxa is low (and stable morphological apomorphies are absent). A widely-distributed pest of sugar cane, Calisto pulchella Lathy, 1899 showed higher diversification among isolated populations (3.5%) than expected, hence supporting former separation of this species into two taxa (pulchella and darlingtoni Clench, 1943), of which the latter might prove to be a separate species rather than subspecies. The taxonomic revisions presented here result in Calisto now containing 34 species and 17 subspecies. Three species endemic to islands other than Hispaniola appear to be derived lineages of various Hispaniolan clades, indicating ancient dispersal events from Hispaniola to Puerto Rico, Cuba, and Jamaica. Overall, the degree of intrageneric and intraspecific divergence within Calisto suggests a long and continuous diversification period of 4–8 Myr. The maximum divergence within the genus (ca. 13.3%) is almost equivalent to the maximum divergence of Calisto from the distant pronophiline relative Auca Hayward, 1953 from the southern Andes (14.1%) and from the presumed closest relative Eretris Thieme, 1905 (14.4%), suggesting that the genus began to diversify soon after its split from its continental sister taxon. In general, this ‘barcode’ divergence corresponds to the high degree of morphological and ecological variation found among major lineages within the genus. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2011 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v5i3.1730 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v5i3.1730 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1724/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1724/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v5i3.1435 2011-08-24 compcytogen

Genomic and karyotypic variation in Drosophila parasitoids (Hymenoptera, Cynipoidea, Figitidae) Gokhman,Vladimir Johnston,Spencer Small,Chiyedza Rajwani,Roma Hanrahan,Shawn Govind,Shubha Drosophila parasitoid genome size karyotype evolution Comparative Cytogenetics 5(3): 211-221 Drosophila melanogaster Meigen, 1830 has served as a model insect for over a century. Sequencing of the 11 additional Drosophila Fallen, 1823 species marks substantial progress in comparative genomics of this genus. By comparison, practically nothing is known about the genome size or genome sequences of parasitic wasps of Drosophila. Here, we present the first comparative analysis of genome size and karyotype structures of Drosophila parasitoids of the Leptopilina Förster, 1869 and Ganaspis Förster, 1869 species. The gametic genome size of Ganaspis xanthopoda (Ashmead, 1896) is larger than those of the three Leptopilina species studied. The genome sizes of all parasitic wasps studied here are also larger than those known for all Drosophila species. Surprisingly, genome sizes of these Drosophila parasitoids exceed the average value known for all previously studied Hymenoptera. The haploid chromosome number of both Leptopilina heterotoma (Thomson, 1862) and L. victoriae Nordlander, 1980 is ten. A chromosomal fusion appears to have produced a distinct karyotype for L. boulardi (Barbotin, Carton et Keiner-Pillault, 1979) (n = 9), whose genome size is smaller than that of wasps of the L. heterotoma clade. Like L. boulardi, the haploid chromosome number for G. xanthopoda is also nine. Our studies reveal a positive, but non linear, correlation between the genome size and total chromosome length in Drosophila parasitoids. These Drosophila parasitoids differ widely in their host range, and utilize different infection strategies to overcome host defense. Their comparative genomics, in relation to their exceptionally well-characterized hosts, will prove to be valuable for understanding the molecular basis of the host-parasite arms race and how such mechanisms shape the genetic structures of insect communities. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2011 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v5i3.1435 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v5i3.1435 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1723/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1723/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v5i3.1375 2011-08-24 compcytogen

Karyotypic diversity in four species of the genus Gymnotus Linnaeus, 1758 (Teleostei, Gymnotiformes, Gymnotidae): physical mapping of ribosomal genes and telomeric sequences Scacchetti,Priscilla Pansonato-Alves,José Carlos Utsunomia,Ricardo Oliveira,Claudio Foresti,Fausto FISH rDNA cytogenetic heterochromatin chromosomal rearrangements. Comparative Cytogenetics 5(3): 223-235 Conventional (Giemsa, C-Banding, Ag-NORs, CMA3) and molecular (5S rDNA, 18S rDNA, telomeric sequences) cytogenetic studies were carried out in specimens of ten distinct fish populations of the genus Gymnotus (G. sylvius Albert and Fernandes-Matioli, 1999, G. inaequilabiatus Valenciennes, 1839, G. pantherinus Steindachner, 1908, and G. cf. carapo Linnaeus, 1758) from different Brazilian hydrographic basins. G. sylvius presented a diploid number of 40 chromosomes (22m+12sm+6st), G. pantherinus presented 52 chromosomes (32m+18sm+2st), while G. inaequilabiatus (42m+10sm+2a) and G. cf. carapo (38m+12sm+4st) presented 54 chromosomes. The C-banding technique revealed centromeric marks in all chromosomes of all species. Besides that, conspicuous blocks of heterochromatin were found interstitially on the chromosomes of G. inaequilabiatus, G. cf. carapo, and G. pantherinus. All four species showed single nucleolus organizing regions confirmed by results obtained through Ag-NORs and FISH experiments using 18S rDNA probes, which showed the NORs localized on the first chromosome pair in G. inaequilabiatus, G. cf. carapo, and G. pantherinus, and on pair 2 in G. sylvius. CMA3 staining revealed additional unrelated NORs marks in G. sylvius and G. pantherinus. The 5S rDNA probes revealed signals on one pair in G. sylvius and two pairs in G. pantherinus; G. inaequilabiatus had about seventeen pairs marked, and G. cf. carapo had about fifteen pairs marked. It is considered that the high amount of heterochromatin identified in the chromosomes of G. inaequilabiatus and G. cf. carapo could have facilitated the dispersion of 5S rDNA in these species. Interstitial signals were detected on the first metacentric pair of G. sylvius by telomeric probes (TTAGGG)n indicating the possible occurrence of chromosomal fusions in this species. The present study reveals valuable cytotaxonomic markers for this group and allows a more precise evaluation of the processes involved in the karyotype differentiation and the interrelationships among different species of the genus Gymnotus. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2011 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v5i3.1375 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v5i3.1375 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1722/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1722/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v5i3.1235 2011-08-24 compcytogen

Cytogenetic comparison between two allopatric populations of Astyanax altiparanae Garutti & Britski, 2000 (Teleostei, Characidae), with emphasis on the localization of 18S and 5S rDNA Pacheco,R. B. Rosa,Renata Giuliano-Caetano,L. Júlio Jr.,H. F. Dias,Ana Lúcia Incertae sedis FISH karyotypic formulae NORs Comparative Cytogenetics 5(3): 237-246 Two populations of Astyanax altiparanae (Garutti et Britski, 2000) of the Água dos Patos stream/SP and lake Igapó/PR were analyzed. All individuals showed 2n = 50, however, different karyotypic formulae were observed. The population of the Água dos Patos stream showed 8m +24sm+6st+12a (NF=88) and the population of lake Igapó, 8m+28sm+4st+10a (NF=90). Nucleolus organizing regions (AgNORs) were observed in the terminal position on the short and long arm of different chromosomes of both populations, showing a variation from 3 to 4 chromosomes. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) using 18S rDNA probes revealed only one pair of chromosomes with fluorescent signals in the terminal site on the short arm in the Igapó lake population, while the population of Água dos Patos stream showed 4 fluorescence terminal signals, characterizing a system of simple and multiple NORs, respectively. 5S rDNA fluorescent signals were detected in the interstitial position of a pair of chromosomes in the two studied populations. Some AgNOR sites revealed to be GC-rich when stained with Chromomycin A3 (CMA3), however, AT positive regions were not observed. The data obtained show that, despite the conservation of the diploid number and location of 5S DNAr, differences in both the distribution of 18S rDNA and karyotypic formula among the populations were found, thus corroborating the existing data on chromosome variability in Astyanax altiparanae that can be significant for cytotaxonomy in this group. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2011 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v5i3.1235 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v5i3.1235 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1721/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1721/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v5i3.1429 2011-08-24 compcytogen

Comparative chromosome mapping of the rRNA genes and telomeric repeats in three Italian pine voles of the Microtus savii s.l. complex (Rodentia, Cricetidae) Gornung,Ekaterina Bezerra,Alexandra M. R. Castiglia,Riccardo Arvicolinae chromosomal evolution sex chromosomes interstitial telomeric sequences (ITS) rDNA NORs Comparative Cytogenetics 5(3): 247-257 The Microtus (Terricola) savii s. l. complex is a group of five species/subspecies of the Italian pine voles, which diverged at different times either with or without chromosomal differentiation. The evidence of chromosomal diversification has so far concerned the shape of the sex chromosomes, especially the X chromosome. Three taxa of the group, M. savii savii, M. s. nebrodensis, and M. s. tolfetanus have identical karyotypes with metacentric X chromosomes. The X chromosomes of M. brachycercus and M. b. niethammericus are, respectively, subtelocentric and acrocentric in shape. The M. savii complex has been long an object of conventional karyological studies, but comparative molecular cytogenetic data were completely missing. Therefore, we conducted a comparative chromosomal mapping of rRNA genes (rDNA) and telomeric repeats in three of the five taxa of the group: Microtus s. savii, M. s. nebrodensis, and M. b. niethammericus, each of which belongs to a distinct mitochondrial clade. The survey revealed that differentiation of the clades was accompanied by remarkable changes with regard to the number and locations of the rDNA sites. Thus, M. s. savii and M. s. nebrodensis have especially high numbers of rDNA sites, which are located in the centromeric regions of, correspondingly, 18 and 13 chromosome pairs, whereas M. b. niethammericus shows variable (8–10) and heteromorphic rDNA sites on both centromeric and telomeric regions. Interstitial telomeric sites (ITS), which are believed to indicate possible breakpoints of recurring chromosomal rearrangements, are present on the largest biarmed chromosomes and on the metacentric X chromosomes in M. s. savii and M. s. nebrodensis. These preliminary results are discussed in the context of recent advances in phylogeny of the group, as well as the rDNA genomic organization and X chromosome rearrangements in the genus Microtus. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2011 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v5i3.1429 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v5i3.1429 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1720/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1720/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v5i4.1834 2011-11-09 compcytogen

Chromosomal complements of some Atlantic Blennioidei and Gobioidei species (Perciformes) Galvão,Tatiana Bertollo,Luiz Molina,Wagner Chromosomal evolution marine fish Bleniidae Gobiidae Labrisomidae Comparative Cytogenetics 5(4): 259-275 A remarkable degree of chromosomal conservatism (2n=48, FN=48) has been identified in several families of Perciformes. However, some families exhibit greater karyotypic diversity, although there is still scant information on the Atlantic species. In addition to a review of karyotypic data available for representatives of the suborders Blennioidei and Gobioidei, we have performed chromosomal analyses on Atlantic species of the families Blenniidae, Ophioblennius trinitatis Miranda-Ribeiro, 1919 (2n=46; FN=64) and Scartella cristata (Linnaeus, 1758) (2n=48; FN=50), Labrisomidae, Labrisomus nuchipinnis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) (2n=48; FN=50) and Gobiidae, Bathygobius soporator (Valenciennes, 1837) (2n=48; FN=56). Besides variations in chromosome number and karyotype formulas, Ag-NOR sites, albeit unique, were located in different positions and/or chromosome pairs for the species analyzed. On the other hand, the heterochromatic pattern was more conservative, distributed predominantly in the centromeric/pericentromeric regions of the four species. Data already available for Gobiidae, Blenniidae and Labrisomidae show greater intra- and interspecific karyotypic diversification when compared to other groups of Perciformes, where higher uniformity is found for various chromosome characteristics. Evolutionary dynamism displayed by these two families is likely associated with population fractionation resulting from unique biological characteristics, such as lower mobility and/or specific environmental requirements. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2011 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v5i4.1834 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v5i4.1834 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1735/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1735/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v5i4.1796 2011-11-09 compcytogen

Karyological studies in ten species of Citrus (Linnaeus, 1753) (Rutaceae) of North-East India Hynniewta,Marlykynti Malik,Surendra Kumar Rama Rao,Satyawada Citrus karyotype genetic variability asymmetry index Comparative Cytogenetics 5(4): 277-287 Ten Citrus (Linnaeus, 1753) species of North-East India have been karyo-morphologically analysed. All studied species had 2n=18 chromosomes without any evidence of numerical variation. All the chromosomes were found to be of metacentric and sub-metacentric in all the species; the morphology of the chromosomes showing size difference only. Symmetrical karyotype which does not have much difference in the ratio of longest to shortest chromosome in all the species was observed. Three species, C. grandis (Osbeck, 1757), C. reticulata (Blanco, 1837) and C. medica (Linnaeus, 1753) are identified as true basic species from asymmetry studies of karyotypes as they reflect on the primitive nature of their genomes. C. indica (Tanaka, 1937) occupies a special taxonomic position within the genus Citrus as a progenitor for other cultivated species info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2011 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v5i4.1796 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v5i4.1796 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1734/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1734/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v5i4.1757 2011-11-09 compcytogen

Chromosomal diversification in ribosomal DNA sites in Ancistrus Kner, 1854 (Loricariidae, Ancistrini) from three hydrographic basins of Mato Grosso, Brazil Mariotto,Sandra Centofante,Liano Vicari,Marcelo Artoni,Roberto Moreira-Filho,Orlando karyotype evolution Robertsonian rearrangement Ag-NORs 18S rDNA 5S rDNA Comparative Cytogenetics 5(4): 289-300 Populations of seven Ancistrus species were analyzed from streams and rivers of three hydrographic Brazilian basins. All populations showed different diploid numbers (2n), fundamental numbers (FNs), and karyotypes. Some representatives of Loricariidae have 2n = 54 chromosomes, which is very likely an ancestral cytotaxonomic characteristic, but many other representatives show extensive karyotype diversification. In the Ancistrus species studied, extensive karyotypic differentiation, which is generally associated with chromosome number reduction and rearrangement of the ribosomal RNA gene (rDNA) sites, was verified. Chromosomal locations of 18S and 5S rDNA were jointly detected using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). In all the Ancistrus species analyzed, 18S rDNA sites were detected only on one chromosome pair, though this differed among species. 5S rDNA was located on 1–3 chromosome pairs either separately or in synteny with 18S rDNA in four of the seven species/populations. Hence the karyotype differentiation in Ancistrus species could be associated with a morphological speciation process, suggesting that chromosome fusions, inversions, deletions, duplications, and heterochromatination could contribute to the karyotype evolution of these neotropical armored catfishes. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2011 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v5i4.1757 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v5i4.1757 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1733/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1733/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v5i4.1650 2011-11-09 compcytogen

B microchromosomes in the family Curimatidae (Characiformes): mitotic and meiotic behavior Sampaio,Tatiane Ramos Gravena,Waleska Gouveia,Juceli Gonzales Giuliano-Caetano,L. Dias,Ana Lúcia B microchromosome meiosis curimatids. Comparative Cytogenetics 5(4): 301-313 In the present work, six curimatid species were analyzed: Cyphocharax voga (Hensel, 1870), C. spilotus (Vari, 1987), C. saladensis (Meinken, 1933), C. modestus (Fernández-Yépez, 1948), Steindachnerina biornata (Braga & Azpelicueta, 1987) and S. insculpta (Fernández-Yépez, 1948) collected from two hydrographic basins. All samples presented 2n=54 meta-submetacentric (m-sm) chromosomes and FN equal to 108, and 1 or 2 B microchromosomes in the mitotic and meiotic cells of the six sampled populations showing inter-and intraindividual variation. The analysis of the meiotic cells in C. saladensis, C. spilotus, and C. voga showed a modal number of 54 chromosomes in the spermatogonial metaphases and 27 bivalents in the pachytene, diplotene, diakinesis and in metaphase I stages, and 27 chromosomes in metaphase II; in C. modestus, S. biornata, and S. insculpta, spermatogonial metaphases with 54 chromosomes and pachytene and metaphase I with 27 bivalents were observed. The B microchromosome was observed as univalent in the spermatogonial metaphase of C. spilotus, in the pachytene stage in the other species, with the exception of C. saladensis, and S. biornata in metaphase I. New occurrences of the B microchromosome in C. voga, C. saladensis and S. biornata were observed, confirming that the presence of this type of chromosome is a striking characteristic of this group of fish. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2011 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v5i4.1650 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v5i4.1650 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1732/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1732/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v5i4.1356 2011-11-09 compcytogen

Cytogenetics of a parthenogenetic Arctic species of Micropsectra (Diptera, Chironomidae) Porter,David Martin,Jon Chironomidae parthenogenesis polytene chromosomes hybridization chromosome recombination Comparative Cytogenetics 5(4): 315-328 Micropsectra sedna (Oliver, 1976) is a parthenogenetic midge from the Canadian Arctic. The parthenogenetic mechanism is apomictic thelytoky, with a restitutional division during oogenesis, as found in other parthenogenetic Chironomidae. It is triploid, with two similar chromosome sets, and the third is relatively dissimilar, pairing little with the diploid set. Two karyotypes were observed: a single individual with eight polytene elements in the salivary glands (3n=12), considered standard, while the majority of larvae showed only seven polytene chromosomes (3n=11). Hybrid speciation is considered likely, although chromosomal recombination following the origin of thelytoky has played some part in karyotype evolution. A single morphologically distinct larva was also found, which might be the donor of the haploid chromosome set. The apomictic restitutional system is compared to that of the other, independently derived, parthenogenetic Chironomids to assess the extent of similarity between species. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2011 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v5i4.1356 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v5i4.1356 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1731/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1731/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v5i4.1149 2011-11-09 compcytogen

Heterochromatin heterogeneity in Hypostomus prope unae (Steindachner, 1878) (Siluriformes, Loricariidae) from Northeastern Brazil Bitencourt,Jamille Affonso,Paulo Roberto Giuliano-Caetano,L. Dias,Ana Lúcia C-banding heterochromatin ichthyofauna restriction enzymes Comparative Cytogenetics 5(4): 329-344 Cytogenetic analyses using C-banding and chromosomal digestion by several restriction enzymes were carried out in four populations (named A, B, C and D) of Hypostomus prope unae (Loricariidae, Hypostominae) from Contas river basin, northeastern Brazil. These populations share 2n=76 and single NORs on the second metacentric pair but exclusive karyotype forms for each locality. Populations A and B presented conspicuous terminal and interstitial heterochromatic blocks on most of acrocentric chromosomes and equivalent to NORs with differences in both position and bearing pair. Population D showed evident marks at interstitial regions and interspersed with nucleolar region while population C presented interstitial and terminal heterochromatin segments, non-coincident with NORs. The banding pattern after digestion with the endonucleases Alu I, Bam HI, Hae III and Dde I revealed a remarkable heterogeneity within heterochromatin, allowing the identification of distinctive clusters of repeated DNA in the studied populations, besides specific patterns along euchromatic regions. The analysis using restriction enzymes has proved to be highly informative, characterizing population differences and peculiarities in the genome organization of H. prope unae. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2011 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v5i4.1149 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v5i4.1149 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1730/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1730/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v5i4.965 2011-11-09 compcytogen

Karyotyping and in situ chromosomal localization of rDNA sites in black cumin Bunium persicum (Boiss) B. Fedtsch,1915 (Apiaceae) Chahota,R. K. Mukai,Y. Chaudhary,H.K. Kishore,Naval Sharma,T.R. FISH Karyotypes Bunium persicum black cumin Comparative Cytogenetics 5(4): 345-353 The fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) technique has been applied to somatic chromosomes in the medicinally important species, Bunium persicum, to elucidate its karyotypes. The bicolour FISH technique involving 18S-5.8S-26S and 5S ribosomal RNA genes as probes was used to assign physical localization and measurement of rDNA sites on homologous pairs of chromosomes. The two 18S-5.8S-26S rRNA gene sites were at the terminal regions of the short arms of the chromosomes 1 and 2 involving NOR region of chromosome 1. The 5S rDNA sites were found on subtelomeric region of the long arm of the chromosome number 5 and at interstitial regions of the short arm of chromosome 7. Based on direct visual analysis of chromosome length, morphology and position of FISH signals, a pioneer attempt has been made to construct metaphase karyotype in B. persicum, an endangered medicinal plant of North Western Himalayas. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2011 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v5i4.965 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v5i4.965 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1729/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1729/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v5i4.2307 2011-11-09 compcytogen

Karyotypes, male meiosis and comparative FISH mapping of 18S ribosomal DNA and telomeric (TTAGG)n repeat in eight species of true bugs (Hemiptera, Heteroptera) Grozeva,Snejana Kuznetsova,Valentina Anokhin,Boris Karyotypes meiosis FISH 18S rDNA telomeres dot-blot Deraeocoris Megaloceroea Nabis Cimex Oxycarenus Pyrrhocoris Eurydema Graphosoma Heteroptera Comparative Cytogenetics 5(4): 355-374 Eight species belonging to five true bug families were analyzed using DAPI/CMA3-staining and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with telomeric (TTAGG)n and 18S rDNA probes. Standard chromosomal complements are reported for the first time for Deraeocoris rutilus (Herrich-Schäffer, 1838) (2n=30+2m+XY) and D. ruber (Linnaeus, 1758) (2n=30+2m+XY) from the family Miridae. Using FISH, the location of a 18S rDNA cluster was detected in these species and in five more species: Megaloceroea recticornis (Geoffroy, 1785) (2n=30+XY) from the Miridae; Oxycarenus lavaterae (Fabricius, 1787) (2n=14+2m+XY) from the Lygaeidae s.l.; Pyrrhocoris apterus (Linnaeus, 1758) (2n=22+X) from the Pyrrhocoridae; Eurydema oleracea (Linnaeus, 1758) (2n=12+XY) and Graphosoma lineatum (Linnaeus, 1758) (2n=12+XY) from the Pentatomidae. The species were found to differ with respect to location of a 18S rRNA gene cluster which resides on autosomes in O. lavaterae and P. apterus, whereas it locates on sex chromosomes in other five species. The 18S rDNA location provides the first physical landmark of the genomes of the species studied. The insect consensus telomeric pentanucleotide (TTAGG)n was demonstrated to be absent in all the species studied in this respect, D. rutilus, M. recticornis, Cimex lectularius Linnaeus, 1758 (Cimicidae), E. oleracea, and G. lineatum, supporting the hypothesis that this motif was lost in early evolution of the Heteroptera and secondarily replaced with another motif (yet unknown) or the alternative telomerase-independent mechanisms of telomere maintenance. Dot-blot hybridization analysis of the genomic DNA from C. lectularius, Nabis sp. and O. lavaterae with (TTAGG)n and six other telomeric probes likewise provided a negative result. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2011 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v5i4.2307 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v5i4.2307 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1728/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1728/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v5i5.2116 2011-12-22 compcytogen

New cytogenetic data for some Palaearctic species of scale insects (Homoptera, Coccinea) with karyosystematic notes Gavrilov-Zimin,Ilya scale insects karyotypes chromosome numbers karyosystematics Comparative Cytogenetics 5(5): 375-390 New cytogenetic data are reported for 17 species from 15 genera of the families Pseudococcidae, Eriococcidae, Kermesidae, and Coccidae. Twelve species and 6 genera (Peliococcopsis Borchsenius, 1948, Heterococcopsis Borchsenius, 1948, Heliococcus Šulc, 1912, Trabutina Marchal, 1904, Lecanopsis Targioni Tozzetti, 1868, and Anapulvinaria Borchsenius, 1952) were studied cytogenetically for the first time. The taxonomic problems in the genera Trionymus Berg, 1899, Acanthopulvinaria Borchsenius, 1952 and Rhizopulvinaria Borchsenius, 1952 are discussed based on karyotype characters. Two chromosomal forms (cryptic species) of Acanthopulvinaria orientalis (Nasonov, 1908), 2n=18 and 2n=16 were discovered. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2011 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v5i5.2116 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v5i5.2116 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1741/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1741/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v5i5.2015 2011-12-22 compcytogen

A cytogenetical study on Economidichthys pygmaeus Holly, 1929 (Pisces, Gobiidae), an endemic freshwater goby from Western Greece Rampin,Massimiliano Gkenas,Christos Malavasi,Stefano Libertini,Angelo Goby fish karyotype fluorescent in situ hybridization genome size Comparative Cytogenetics 5(5): 391-396 A cytogenetic study was carried out on the chromosomes and the nuclear DNA content of the freshwater goby Economidichthys pygmaeus (Pisces, Gobiidae). The species is characterized by a 2n=46 karyotype consisting of 12 submetacentric and 11 subtelocentric chromosome pairs (NF=70). Major (45S) rDNA genes are terminal-centromeric located on the short arm of a single medium-small sized submetacentric pair as assessed by in situ hybridization, CMA3 staining, and Ag-NOR banding. The haploid (C-value) nuclear DNA content is 0.93±0.003 picograms. The cytogenetical data of E. pygmaeus were compared with those ones already available for other related gobies. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2011 Short Communication text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v5i5.2015 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v5i5.2015 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1740/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1740/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v5i5.1589 2011-12-22 compcytogen

Cytogenetic characterization of four species of the genus Hypostomus Lacépède, 1803 (Siluriformes, Loricariidae) with comments on its chromosomal diversity Rubert,Marceléia Rosa,Renata Jerep,Fernando Camargo Bertollo,Luis Antônio Carlos Giuliano-Caetano,L. loricariid catfishes chromosome banding NORs fluorochromes fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) Comparative Cytogenetics 5(5): 397-410 Cytogenetic analyses were performed on fishes of the genus Hypostomus (H. ancistroides (Ihering, 1911), H. strigaticeps (Regan, 1908), H. regani (Ihering, 1905), and H. paulinus (Ihering, 1905)) from the seven tributaries of the Paranapanema River Basin (Brazil) by means of different staining techniques (C-, Ag-, CMA3- and DAPI-banding) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to detect 18S rDNA sites. All species showed different diploid numbers: 2n=68 (10m+26sm+32st-a) in H. ancistroides, 2n=72 (10m+16sm+46st-a) in H. strigaticeps, 2n=72 (10m+18sm+44st-a) in H. regani and 2n=76 (6m+16sm+54st-a) in H. paulinus. Ag-staining and FISH revealed various numbers and locations of NORs in the group. NORs were usually located terminally on the subtelocentric/acrocentric chromosomes: on the long arm in H. strigaticeps (2 to 4) and H. paulinus (2); and on the short arm in H. ancistroides (2 to 8) and H. regani (2 to 4). Conspicuous differences in heterochromatin distribution and composition were found among the species, terminally located in some st-a chromosomes in H. ancistroides, H. strigaticeps, and H. paulinus, and interstitially dispersed in most st-a chromosomes, in H. regani. The fluorochrome staining indicated that different classes of GC and/or AT-rich repetitive DNA evolved in this group. Our results indicate that chromosomal rearrangements and heterochromatin base-pair composition were significant events during the course of differentiation of this group. These features emerge as an excellent cytotaxonomic marker, providing a better understanding of the evolutionary mechanisms underlying the chromosomal diversity in Hypostomus species. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2011 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v5i5.1589 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v5i5.1589 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1739/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1739/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v5i5.1562 2011-12-22 compcytogen

Comparative cytogenetics of two of the smallest Amazonian fishes: Fluviphylax simplex Costa, 1996 and Fluviphylax zonatus Costa, 1996 (Cyprinodontiformes, Poeciliidae) Souza,Eduardo Ribeiro,Leila Feldberg,Eliana Farias,Izeni Hrbek,Tomas Gross,Maria Chromosomes heterochromatin killifish meiosis mitosis Comparative Cytogenetics 5(5): 411-422 The genus Fluviphylax Whitley, 1965 is comprized of five valid species (F. pygmaeus Myers et Carvalho, 1955, F. zonatus, F. simplex, F. obscurus Costa, 1996, and F. palikur Costa et Le Bail, 1999), which are endemic to the Amazon region. These fishes are the smallest known South American vertebrates and among the smallest know vertebrates on Earth. All species but the type F. pygmaeus have been described in late 1990’s, and much remains unknown about the biology, taxonomy and systematics of this group of fishes. The aims of the present study were to establish the diploid and haploid number of F. zonatus and F. simplex, and to find species-specific markers for the discrimination of taxa. The diploid number for both species was 48 chromosomes, with no sex chromosome heteromorphism. Fluviphylax zonatus exhibited the karyotypic formula 4m+8sm+22st+14a and FN=82, and F. simplex exhibited 4m+16sm+18st+10a and FN=86. The determination of the total mean length of the chromosomes and their grouping into five size classes demonstrated different chromosome composition of the two species. This difference was further supported by the distribution of constitutive heterochromatin. The meiotic analysis revealed 24 bivalents in both species, but F. zonatus exhibited chromosomes with late pairing of the telomeric portions in the pachytene. These data reveal that cytogenetic characterization is useful and important for the discrimination of these species. Our study further indicates that this method could be employed in the analysis of other species of small fishes that are difficult to distinguish using traditional morphological traits or are morphologically cryptic. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2011 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v5i5.1562 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v5i5.1562 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1738/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1738/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v5i5.1252 2011-12-22 compcytogen

Three new karyotypes extend a Robertsonian fan in Ethiopian spiny mice of the genus Acomys I. Geoffroy, 1838 (Mammalia, Rodentia) Lavrenchenko,Leonid Nadjafova,Rena Bulatova,Nina mammalian karyotype Robertsonian variation Acomys Comparative Cytogenetics 5(5): 423-431 Three new karyotypes (2n=40, 44, 52) are described revealing what are probably new cryptic species of Ethiopian spiny mice. Two other diploid numbers have already been reported for the country (2n=36 and 68) and, overall, the five known karyotypic forms constitute a common lineage differentiated by a Robertsonian process. Such arrays of karyotypic forms are known as a ‘Robertsonian fan’. This view of the situation in Ethiopian Acomys I. Geoffroy, 1838 is based on standard chromosomal morphology that reveals a constant FN (68) and needs further investigation of chromosome homology by differential staining and/or molecular cytogenetic techniques as well as further molecular phylogenetic analysis. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2011 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v5i5.1252 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v5i5.1252 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1737/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1737/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v5i5.1720 2011-12-22 compcytogen

Presence of the 54-chromosome common vole (Mammalia) on Olkhon Island (Lake Baikal, East Siberia, Russia), and the occurrence of an unusual X-chromosome variant Pavlova,Svetlana V. Tchabovsky,A.V. chromosome sibling species common voles Microtus arvalis group Microtus rossiaemeridionalis Lake Baikal X-chromosome Comparative Cytogenetics 5(5): 433-440 We report a new finding of the 54-chromosome sibling species of the common vole in East Siberia - the first description from Olkhon Island (Lake Baikal). The karyotype of a male specimen revealed by routine staining and C-banding demonstrates the unambiguous presence of Microtus rossiaemeridionalis Ognev, 1924 (recently often regarded as as junior synonym of M. levis Miller, 1908). Comparison with conspecific specimens from the European part of the species range (from the left bank of the river Volga) shows that the vole of the island population has a smaller X-chromosome due to a reduced quantity of C-positive heterochromatin. This is just the third example of this type of X-chromosome variant with previous cases on an Arctic island (Svalbard) and the West Siberian lowland (Novosibirsk) and the only one on a lake island. Although M. rossiaemeridionalis is largely monomorphic in its karyotype, our data show that one specific type of X-chromosome variant is remarkably widespread, though rare. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2011 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v5i5.1720 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v5i5.1720 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1736/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1736/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v6i1.1752 2012-01-24 compcytogen

First record of supernumerary (B) chromosomes in electric fish (Gymnotiformes) and the karyotype structure of three species of the same order from the upper Paraná River basin Mendes,Valéria Portela-Castro,Ana Luiza Júlio-Júnior,Horácio fish cytogenetics B chromosomes C-banding ribosomal DNA sex chromosomes Comparative Cytogenetics 6(1): 1-16 Cytogenetic studies were performed on the species Apteronotus prope albifrons Linnaeus, 1766, Rhamphichthys hahni Meinken, 1937 and Brachyhypopomus gauderio Giora & Malabarba, 2009, collected in the upper Paraná River floodplain, Porto Rico (PR), Brazil. Apteronotus prope albifrons showed a diploid number of 2n=24 chromosomes for both sexes and a karyotype formula of 14m+2sm+2st+6a (FN=42). Besides the standard karyotype, three specimens had one to three extra microchromosomes with inter- and intra-individual variations, which suggested the occurrence of B chromosomes in the species. The chromosomal data of R. hahni, described here for the first time, consists of 50 chromosomes and a formula comprised of 20m+24sm+6a (FN=94). Brachyhypopomus gauderio specimens demonstrated 2n=42 chromosomes in females, all acrocentric, and 2n=41 chromosomes in males, with 40 acrocentric and 1 medium-sized metacentric chromosome. These differences concern with a multiple system of sex chromosome determination X1X1X2X2/X1X2Y (FN=42) in B. gauderio. The analysis of nucleolar organizer regions by Ag-NOR and FISH 18S banding revealed a simple NOR system in A. prope albifrons and R. hahni and a multiple NOR system in B. gauderio, that is unusual for Gymnotiformes fishes. Constitutive heterochromatin was mainly found in the pericentromere region in most of the chromosomes of the three species, although each species had its own peculiarities. The B chromosomes in Apteronotus prope albifrons demonstrated heterochromatin positioned in the centromeric and telomeric regions whereas R. hahni presented conspicuous blocks of heterochromatin on the long arms in three submetacentric pairs. Brachyhypopomus gauderio showed blocks of heterochromatin on the long arm in the interstitial and telomere positions. The finding of B chromosomes in A. prope albifrons represents the first description of these elements in the Gymnotiformes order. Although the karyotype of this species is similar with that described for populations in the Amazon basin, the presence of B chromosomes could represent a specific characteristic of this population. A comparative analysis of karyotypes of R. hahni with other species of the genus showed a relatively conservative structure suggesting 2n=50 as a common number in this group. The karyotype of B. gauderio, a new species, provides an important reference for future chromosome studies of the Brachyhypopmus Mago-Lecia, 1994, and it might be also significant for cytotaxonomy in this group. The cytogenetic data also demonstrate the need of more comparative cytogenetic studies in the families of the highly diversified and taxonomically difficult complex Gymnotiformes. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2012 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v6i1.1752 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v6i1.1752 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1748/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1748/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v6i1.1510 2012-01-24 compcytogen

Cytotaxonomy of the subgenus Artibeus (Phyllostomidae, Chiroptera) by characterization of species-specific markers de Lemos Pinto,Marcela da Silva Calixto,Merilane de Souza,Maria José de Araújo,Ana Paloma Tavares Langguth,Alfredo Santos,Neide C-banding Ag-NOR CMA3/DA/DAPI Cytotaxonomy Comparative Cytogenetics 6(1): 17-28 The genus Artibeus represents a highly diverse group of bats from the Neotropical region, with four large species occurring in Brazil. In this paper, a comparative cytogenetic study was carried out on the species Artibeus obscurus Schinz, 1821, A. fimbriatus Gray, 1838, A. lituratus Olfers, 1818 and A. planirostris Spix, 1823 that live sympatrically in the northeast of Brazil, through C-banding, silver staining and DNA-specific fluorochromes (CMA3 and DAPI). All the species had karyotypes with 2n=30,XX and 2n=31,XY1Y2, and FN=56. C-banding showed constitutive heterochromatin (CH) blocks in the pericentromeric regions of all the chromosomes and small CH blocks at the terminal region of pairs 5, 6, and 7 for all species. Notably, our C-banding data revealed species-specific autosomic CH blocks for each taxon, as well as different heterochromatic constitution of Y2 chromosomes of A. planirostris. Ag-NORs were observed in the short arms of chromosomes 5, 6 and 7 in all species. The sequential staining AgNO3/CMA3/DA/DAPI indicated a positive association of CH with Ag-NORs and positive CMA3 signals, thus reflecting GC-richness in these regions in A. obscurus and A. fimbriatus. In this work it was possible to identify interespecific divergences in the Brazilian large Artibeus species using C-banding it was possible provided a suitable tool in the cytotaxonomic differentiation of this genus. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2012 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v6i1.1510 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v6i1.1510 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1747/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1747/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v6i1.2151 2012-01-24 compcytogen

Three sympatric karyomorphs in the fish Astyanax fasciatus (Teleostei, Characidae) do not seem to hybridize in natural populations Ferreira-Neto,Maressa Artoni,Roberto Vicari,Marcelo Moreira-Filho,Orlando Camacho,Juan Pedro M. Bakkali,Mohammed Oliveira,Claudio Foresti,Fausto fish cytogenetics chromosome banding rDNA sympatric differentiation B chromosome Comparative Cytogenetics 6(1): 29-40 Ninety individuals of the characid fish Astyanax fasciatus (Cuvier, 1819) were collected at Água da Madalena stream (Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil) and analyzed for diploid chromosome number 2n and karyotype composition as well as for the chromosomal location of the 5S and 18S ribosomal DNA (rDNA). Whereas no chromosome differences were associated with sex, three different karyomorphs with diploid chromosome numbers 2n=46, 2n=48 and 2n=50 were found. No intermediate 2n numbers were discovered. The 2n=50 karyomorph showed some differences in 18S rDNA location compared to the two other karyomorphs. Finally, all specimens with the 2n=46 karyomorph showed the presence of a partly heterochromatic macro supernumerary chromosome, which was absent in all individuals with the two other karyomorphs. All these results suggest that indviduals of the three different karyomorphs are not likely to hybridize in the examined populations. Our findings strongly suggest the presence of three separate species (sensu biological species concept) easily diagnosed on the basis of differences in the diploid chromosome numbers and other chromosomal markers. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2012 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v6i1.2151 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v6i1.2151 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1746/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1746/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v6i1.1873 2012-02-14 compcytogen

Cytogenetic analysis in the incertae sedis species Astyanax altiparanae Garutti and Britzki, 2000 and Hyphessobrycon eques Steindachner, 1882 (Characiformes, Characidae) from the upper Paraná river basin Martinez,Emanuel Alves,Anderson Silveira,Sara M Foresti,Fausto Oliveira,Claudio Ag-NOR Chromomycin A3 chromosomes evolution Neotropical fish Comparative Cytogenetics 6(1): 41-51 Cytogenetic analyses were accomplished in two populations of Astyanax altiparanae Garutti & Britzki, 2000 and one population of Hyphessobrycon eques Steindachner, 1882, considered incertae sedis in Characidae family. Two populations of A. altiparanae (Mogi-Guaçu and Tietê rivers) presented 2n=50, with the same karyotype formula: 6M+12SM+20ST+12A (FN=88). H. eques from Capivara river presented 2n=52 and karyotype formula 14M+16SM+4ST+18A (FN=86). In each karyotype, the nucleolus organizer regions were detected at the end of the short arm of a single medium-sized subtelocentric chromosome. The Chromomycin A3 (CMA3) marking is coincident for the NORs in chromosomes of the two species and present additionally in two different chromosomes of A. altiparanae thus showing interpopulation differences in this species. In H. eques, weak heterochromatic blocks in the position of centromeres and telomeres of most chromosomes and negative C-banding for the NOR bearing chromosome were visualized. The obtained results contribute both to the understanding of karyotype evolution of these species and to the clarifying their phylogenetic relationships. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2012 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v6i1.1873 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v6i1.1873 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1745/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1745/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v6i1.2523 2012-02-14 compcytogen

Cytogeography of the Humifusa clade of Opuntia s.s. Mill. 1754 (Cactaceae, Opuntioideae, Opuntieae): correlations with pleistocene refugia and morphological traits in a polyploid complex Majure,Lucas Judd,Walter Soltis,Pamela S. Soltis,Doug Cactaceae chromosome numbers Opuntia humifusa Opuntia macrorhiza Pleistocene refugia polyploid complex polyploidy Comparative Cytogenetics 6(1): 53-77 Ploidy has been well studied and used extensively in the genus Opuntia to determine species boundaries, detect evidence of hybridization, and infer evolutionary patterns. We carried out chromosome counts for all members of the Humifusa clade to ascertain whether geographic patterns are associated with differences in ploidy. We then related chromosomal data to observed morphological variability, polyploid formation, and consequently the evolutionary history of the clade. We counted chromosomes of 277 individuals from throughout the ranges of taxa included within the Humifusa clade, with emphasis placed on the widely distributed species, O. humifusa (Raf.) Raf., 1820 s.l. and O. macrorhiza Engelm., 1850 s.l. We also compiled previous counts made for species in the clade along with our new counts to plot geographic distributions of the polyploid and diploid taxa. A phylogeny using nuclear ribosomal ITS sequence data was reconstructed to determine whether ploidal variation is consistent with cladogenesis. We discovered that diploids of the Humifusa clade are restricted to the southeastern United States (U.S.), eastern Texas, and southeastern New Mexico. Polyploid members of the clade, however, are much more widely distributed, occurring as far north as the upper midwestern U.S. (e.g., Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin). Morphological differentiation, although sometimes cryptic, is commonly observed among diploid and polyploid cytotypes, and such morphological distinctions may be useful in diagnosing possible cryptic species. Certain polyploid populations of O. humifusa s.l. and O. macrorhiza s.l., however, exhibit introgressive morphological characters, complicating species delineations. Phylogenetically, the Humifusa clade forms two subclades that are distributed, respectively, in the southeastern U.S. (including all southeastern U.S. diploids, polyploid O. abjecta Small, 1923, and polyploid O. pusilla (Haw.) Haw., 1812) and the southwestern U.S. (including all southwestern U.S. diploids and polyploids). In addition, tetraploid O. humifusa s.l., which occurs primarily in the eastern U.S., is resolved in the southwestern diploid clade instead of with the southeastern diploid clade that includes diploid O. humifusa s.l. Our results not only provide evidence for the polyphyletic nature of O. humifusa and O. macrorhiza, suggesting that each of these represents more than one species, but also demonstrate the high frequency of polyploidy in the Humifusa clade and the major role that genome duplication has played in the diversification of this lineage of Opuntia s.s. Our data also suggest that the southeastern and southwestern U.S. may represent glacial refugia for diploid members of this clade and that the clade as a whole should be considered a mature polyploid species complex. Widespread polyploids are likely derivatives of secondary contact among southeastern and southwestern diploid taxa as a result of the expansion and contraction of suitable habitat during the Pleistocene following glacial and interglacial events. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2012 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v6i1.2523 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v6i1.2523 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1744/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1744/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v6i1.2349 2012-02-23 compcytogen

Comparative cytogenetic study on two species of the genus Entedon Dalman, 1820 (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae) using DNA-binding fluorochromes and molecular and immunofluorescent markers Bolsheva,Nadezhda Gokhman,Vladimir Muravenko,Olga Gumovsky,Alex Zelenin,Alexander Hymenoptera Eulophidae Entedon chromosomes karyotypes base-specific fluorochromes fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) DNA methylation Comparative Cytogenetics 6(1): 79-92 Karyotypes of Entedon cionobius Thomson, 1878 and E. cioni Thomson, 1878 (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) were studied using DNA-binding ligands with different base specificity (propidium iodide, chromomycin A3, methyl green and DAPI; all these ligands, except for the last one, were used for the first time in parasitic wasps), C-banding, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with a 45S rDNA probe and 5-methylcytosine immunodetection. Female karyotypes of both species contain five pairs of relatively large metacentric chromosomes and a pair of smaller acrocentric chromosomes (2n = 12). As in many other Hymenoptera, males of both Entedon Dalman, 1820 species have haploid chromosome sets (n = 6). Fluorochrome staining revealed chromosome-specific banding patterns that were similar between the different fluorochromes, except for the CMA3- and PI-positive and DAPI-negative band in the pericentromeric regions of the long arms of both acrocentric chromosomes. The obtained banding patterns were virtually identical in both species and allowed for the identification of each individual chromosome. C-banding revealed a pattern similar to DAPI staining, although centromeric and telomeric regions were stained more intensively using the former technique. FISH detected a single rDNA site in the same position on the acrocentric chromosomes as the bright CMA3-positive band. Immunodetection of 5-methylcytosine that was performed for the first time in the order Hymenoptera revealed 5-methylcytosine-rich sites in the telomeric, centromeric and certain interstitial regions of most of the chromosomes. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2012 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v6i1.2349 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v6i1.2349 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1743/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1743/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v6i1.2017 2012-03-02 compcytogen

Cytogenetic response of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris Linnaeus, 1753) (Pinaceae) to heavy metals Belousov,Mikhail Mashkina,Olga Popov,Vasily Scots pine heavy metals lead nitrates zinc nitrates cupric nitrates mitosis chromosomal abnormalities micronuclei Comparative Cytogenetics 6(1): 93-106 We studied cytogenetic reactions of Scots pine seedlings to heavy metals – lead, cupric and zinc nitrates applied at concentrations 0.5 to 2000 µM. We determined the range of concentrations of heavy metals that causes mutagenic effect. Lead was found to cause the strongest genotoxicity as manifested by significant increase in the frequency of pathological mitosis, occurrence of fragmentations and agglutinations of chromosomes, various types of bridges, and a significant number of the micronuclei which were absent in the control. Possible cytogenetic mechanisms of the cytotoxic action of heavy metals are discussed. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2012 Data Paper text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v6i1.2017 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v6i1.2017 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1742/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1742/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v6i2.2397 2012-03-16 compcytogen

First cytogenetic characterization of a species of the arboreal ant genus Azteca Forel, 1978 (Dolichoderinae, Formicidae) Cardoso,Danon Clemes Cristiano,Maykon P Barros,Luísa Lopes,Denilce Pompolo,Silvia Karyotype chromosome number chromosome banding ants Azteca trigona Comparative Cytogenetics 6(2): 107-114 In this paper we present, for the first time, a detailed karyotype characterization of a species of the genus Azteca (Dolichoderinae, Formicidae). Cerebral ganglia from Azteca trigona Emery, 1893 were excised and submitted to colchicine hypotonic solution and chromosomal preparations were analyzed through conventional staining with Giemsa, C-banding, silver nitrate staining (AgNO3) and sequential base-specific fluorochromes. The analysis shows that A. trigona has a diploid number of 28 chromosomes. The karyotype consists of five metacentric pairs, seven acrocentric pairs and two pseudo-acrocentric pairs, which represents a karyotype formula 2K= 10M + 14A + 4AM and a diploid number of the arms 2AN = 38. The analysis of heterochromatin distribution revealed a positive block on distal region of the short arm of fourth metacentric pair, which was coincident with Ag-NOR band and CMA3 fluorochrome staining, meaning that rDNA sequences are interspaced by GC-rich base pairs sequences. The C-banding also marked short arms of other chromosomes, indicating centric fissions followed by heterochromatin growth. The karyotype analysis of A. trigona allowed the identification of cytogenetic markers that will be helpful in a difficult taxonomic group as Azteca and discussion about evolutionary aspects of the genome organization. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2012 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v6i2.2397 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v6i2.2397 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1757/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1757/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v6i2.2595 2012-03-16 compcytogen

First karyotype description of Hypostomus iheringii (Regan, 1908): a case of heterochromatic polymorphism Traldi,Josiane Vicari,Marcelo Blanco,Daniel Martinez,Juliana Artoni,Roberto Moreira-Filho,Orlando chromosome variation fish heterochromatinization Hypostomini Comparative Cytogenetics 6(2): 115-125 In this study, which is the first karyotype analysis of Hypostomus iheringii, nine specimens collected in Córrego da Lapa (tributary of the Passa-Cinco River) showed a diploid number of 80 chromosomes. Silver nitrate staining and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with an 18S rDNA probe revealed the presence of multiple nucleolus organizer regions (NORs) (chromosome pairs 13, 20, and 34). FISH with a 5S rDNA probe showed that this cistron was only present in chromosome pair 2. When the karyotypes of individual animals were compared, unique heterochromatic polymorphisms were detected on chromosome pairs 1 and 5. Specifically, specimens had heterochromatic blocks (h+h+) on both chromosomes, one chromosome with heterochromatic blocks (h+h-) or chromosomes that lacked heterochromatic blocks (h-h-). Considering that heteromorphic pattern is not correlated with variation in size, the process of heterochromatinization might act on the long arms of these chromosomes. In summary, all chromosomal markers indicate that the karyotype of H. iheringii is highly differentiated and that the heterochromatinization of chromosomal segments may have contributed to its karyotypic differentiation. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2012 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v6i2.2595 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v6i2.2595 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1756/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1756/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v6i2.2575 2012-03-26 compcytogen

A chromosomal investigation of some European Leiodidae (Coleoptera), with particular focus on Spanish subterranean Leptodirini Angus,Robert Edwards,David Luque,Carlos Labrada,Lucia Chromosomes Leiodidae Leptodirini Leiodes Latreille 1796 Catops Paykull 1798 Cantabrogeus Salgado 2000 Espanoliella Georgiev 1976 Fresnedaella Salgado Labrada & Luque 2011 Notidocharis Jeannel 1956 Quaestus Schaufuss 1861 Cantabria trip Comparative Cytogenetics 6(2): 127-139 Karyotypes are shown for Leiodes calcarata (Erichson, 1845), Catops coracinus Kellner, 1846, Cantabrogeus luquei (Salgado 1993), Espanoliella luquei Salgado & Fresneda, 2005, Fresnedaella lucius Salgado, Labrada & Luque 2011, Notidocharis uhagoni (Sharp, 1872), Quaestus (Quaesticulus) pasensis Salgado, Labrada & Luque, 2010, all of which are shown to have a diploid number of 20 autosomes plus Xy (♂) or XX (♀) sex chromosomes, as well as an as yet undescribed triploid species of the genus Cantabrogeus Salgado, 2000. These results are contrasted with published information, all on Leptodirini, which lists 10 species asdiploid numbers of 22 + Xy or XX. It is shown that the higher chromosome number (n = 11 + X or y) previously reported refers exclusively to the more derived Leptodirini (“infraflagellates”) whereas the lower number (n = 10 + X or y) refers to the less derived surface-dwelling forms and the less derived Leptodirini (“supraflagellates”). info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2012 Review Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v6i2.2575 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v6i2.2575 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1755/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1755/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v6i2.1769 2012-04-09 compcytogen

Cytogenetic analysis of B chromosomes in one population of the fish Moenkhausia sanctaefilomenae (Steindachner, 1907) (Teleostei, Characiformes) Hashimoto,Diogo Voltolin,Tatiana Paes,Ana Foresti,Fausto Bortolozzi,Jehud Porto-Foresti,Fabio fish cytogenetic NOR expression supernumerary chromosomes mitotic instability Comparative Cytogenetics 6(2): 141-151 The aim of this study was to characterize cytogenetically one population of the fish Moenkhausia sanctaefilomenae (Steindachner, 1907), with emphasis on the analysis of B chromosomes. The nucleolar activity in the B microchromosomes was characterized, and an analysis of mitotic instability of these microchromosomes was accomplished. The results showed a diploid chromosome number of 50 chromosomes. In all individuals, we observed the presence of B microchromosomes with intra- and inter-individual variability. The analysis of the nucleolus organizing regions (NORs) by silver nitrate staining demonstrated multiple NORs. We observed active sites of ribosomal DNA in the B microchromosomes, with a frequency of 20% in the analyzed cells, which shows gene activity in these chromosomal elements. The analysis of constitutive heterochromatin patterns showed that the B microchromosomes are heterochromatic or euchromatic, which demonstrates differentiation of DNA composition between these genomic elements. The calculation of the mitotic instability index implied that B chromosomes in this species might be in a final stage of instability. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2012 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v6i2.1769 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v6i2.1769 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1754/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1754/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v6i2.1980 2012-04-09 compcytogen

A new karyotype for the spiny rat Clyomys laticeps (Thomas, 1909) (Rodentia, Echimyidae) from Central Brazil Bezerra,Alexandra M. R. Pagnozzi,Juliana Carmignotto,Ana Paula Yonenaga-Yassuda,Yatiyo Rodrigues,Flávio Clyomys Cerrado cytogenetic Echimyidae taxonomy semifossorial habit Comparative Cytogenetics 6(2): 153-161 Clyomys Thomas, 1916 is a semifossorial rodent genus of spiny rats represented by only one species, C. laticeps, which inhabits the tropical savannas and grasslands of central Brazil and eastern Paraguay. Here we describe a new karyotype of C. laticeps found in populations of Emas National Park, Goiás state, Brazil. The four analyzed specimens had a diploid number (2n) of 32 and a fundamental autosome number (FN) of 54. Cytogenetic data include conventional staining, CBG and GTG-banding. The karyotype presents 12 meta/submetacentric pairs (1 to 12) and 3 pairs of acrocentrics (13 to 15) with gradual decrease in size. The X chromosome is a medium submetacentric and the Y is a medium acrocentric. The semifossorial habits together with habitat specificity could have contributed to the karyological variations found on this genus. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2012 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v6i2.1980 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v6i2.1980 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1753/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1753/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v6i2.1739 2012-04-27 compcytogen

Comparative cytogenetics of ten species of cichlid fishes (Teleostei, Cichlidae) from the Araguaia River system, Brazil, by conventional cytogenetic methods Valente,Guilherme Vitorino,Carla Cabral-de-Mello,Diogo Oliveira,Claudio Souza,Issakar Martins,Cesar Venere,Paulo chromosome evolution fish chromosomes genome Cichlidae Comparative Cytogenetics 6(2): 163-181 Cichlids represent one of the most species-rich families of fishes and have attracted the attention of evolutionary biologists due to the rapid radiation occurring in some groups and the importance of some species in the world aquaculture. Cytogenetic analysis was conducted in 10 cichlid species from the Araguaia River, Amazon Basin, Brazil. The chromosome number was 2n=48 for all analyzed species except for Laetacara araguaiae Ottoni et Costa, 2009 (2n=44). Chromosomal polymorphism was detected only in Geophagus proximus (Castelnau, 1855), which exhibits an extra large submetacentric and and a dot-like chromosomes. Moreover, the C-banding revealed a general pericentromeric heterochromatic pattern and some additional blocks for some species. The heterochromatic blocks corresponding to AgNOR bearing regions were observed in all species and also corresponded to CMA3 positive blocks, which were observed in terminal regions. Besides the general conserved chromosomal and heterochromatin patterns for South American cichlids, the presence of GC-rich heterochromatin was quite different in the species Biotodoma cupido (Heckel, 1840), Geophagus proximus, Retroculus lapidifer (Castelnau, 1855), Crenicichla strigata Günther, 1862 and Heros efasciatus Heckel, 1840. The results suggest that independent events of heterochromatin modification occurred during chromosome evolution in the group, regardless of the conservation of macro-chromosomal structure. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2012 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v6i2.1739 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v6i2.1739 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1752/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1752/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v6i2.2950 2012-04-27 compcytogen

Karyotype analysis of four jewel-beetle species (Coleoptera, Buprestidae) detected by standard staining, C-banding, AgNOR-banding and CMA3/DAPI staining Karagyan,Gayane Lachowska,Dorota Kalashian,Mark Coleoptera Buprestidae karyotypes Ag-banding C-banding CMA3-staining DAPI-staining Comparative Cytogenetics 6(2): 183-197 The male karyotypes of Acmaeodera pilosellae persica Mannerheim, 1837 with 2n=20 (18+neoXY), Sphenoptera scovitzii Faldermann, 1835 (2n=38–46), Dicerca aenea validiuscula Semenov, 1895 – 2n=20 (18+Xyp) and Sphaerobothris aghababiani Volkovitsh et Kalashian, 1998 – 2n=16 (14+Xyp) were studied using conventional staining and different chromosome banding techniques: C-banding, AgNOR-banding, as well as fluorochrome Chromomycin A3 (CMA3) and DAPI. It is shown that C-positive segments are weakly visible in all four species which indicates a small amount of constitutive heterochromatin (CH). There were no signals after DAPI staining and some positive signals were discovered using CMA3 staining demonstrating absence of AT-rich DNA and presence of GC-rich clusters of CH. Nucleolus organizing regions (NORs) were revealed using Ag-NOR technique; argentophilic material mostly coincides with positive signals obtained using CMA3 staining. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2012 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v6i2.2950 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v6i2.2950 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1751/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1751/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v6i2.3107 2012-05-07 compcytogen

Chromosome number variation of the Italian endemic vascular flora. State-of-the-art, gaps in knowledge and evidence for an exponential relationship among even ploidy levels Bedini,Gianni Garbari,Fabio Peruzzi,Lorenzo B-chromosomes cytotaxonomy endemics evolution Italy polyploidy Comparative Cytogenetics 6(2): 191-211 The Italian endemic vascular flora is composed of 1,286 specific and subspecific taxa. From the critical analysis of "Chrobase.it", 711 of them (about 55%) have been studied from a karyological point of view. These taxa belong to 52 out of 56 families and 204 out of 284 genera. These data suggest that endemic species are more studied than the flora as a whole. Mean chromosome number for Italian endemics is 2n = 30.68 ± 20.27 (median: 2n = 26, mode: 2n = 18). These values are very close to those known for the whole flora. Similar variation ranges, among endemics and species with wider distribution, are likely to reflect similar evolutionary trends. Known chromosome numbers in Italian endemics range from 2n = 8 to 2n = 182. About 9% of taxa show more than one cytotype and the frequency of Bs in the Italian endemic vascular flora is 3.3%. These values are slightly smaller compared with the whole Italian flora. Finally, for the basic chromosome numbers x = 7, 8, 9, the proportion of diploids (2n = 2x) to even polyploids (2n = 4x, 6x, 8x and 10x) can be described by the exponential function f(p) = e(5.539 – 0.637p) (R2 = 0.984). info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2012 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v6i2.3107 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v6i2.3107 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1750/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1750/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v6i2.1679 2012-05-23 compcytogen

Karyotypic variation in Rhinophylla pumilio Peters, 1865 and comparative analysis with representatives of two subfamilies of Phyllostomidae (Chiroptera) Gomes,A Nagamachi,Cleusa Rodrigues,L Farias,Solange Rissino,J Pieczarka,Julio Biodiversity Amazon rainforest Chiroptera cytogenetics Comparative Cytogenetics 6(2): 213-225 The family Phyllostomidae belongs to the most abundant and diverse group of bats in the Neotropics with more morphological traits variation at the family level than any other group within mammals. In this work, we present data of chromosome banding (G, C and Ag-NOR) and Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) for representatives of Rhinophylla pumilio Peters, 1865 collected in four states of Brazil (Amazonas, Bahia, Mato Grosso and Pará). Two karyomorphs were found in this species: 2n=34, FN=64 in populations from western Pará and Mato Grosso states and 2n=34, FN=62 from Amazonas, Bahia, and northeastern Pará and Marajó Island (northern). Difference in the Fundamental Number is determined by variation in the size of the Nucleolar Organizer Region (NOR) accompanied with heterochromatin on chromosomes of pair 16 or, alternatively, a pericentric inversion. The C-banding technique detected constitutive heterochromatin in the centromeric regions of all chromosomes and on the distal part of the long arm of pair 15 of specimens from all localities. FISH with a DNA telomeric probe did not show any interstitial sequence, and an 18S rDNA probe and silver staining revealed the presence of NOR in the long arm of the pair 15, associated with heterochromatin, and in the short arm of the pair 16 for all specimens. The intra-specific analysis using chromosome banding did not show any significant difference between the samples. The comparative analyses using G-banding have shown that nearly all chromosomes of R. pumilio were conserved in the chromosome complements of Glossophaga soricina Pallas, 1766, Phyllostomus hastatus Pallas, 1767, Phyllostomus discolor Wagner, 1843 and Mimon crenulatum Geoffroy, 1801, with a single chromosomal pair unique to R. pumilio (pair 15). However, two chromosomes of M. crenulatum are polymorphic for two independent pericentric inversions. The karyotype with 2n=34, NF=62 is probably the ancestral one for the other karyotypes described for R. pumilio. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2012 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v6i2.1679 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v6i2.1679 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1749/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1749/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v6i3.2432 2012-07-09 compcytogen

A new karyotype for Rhipidomys (Rodentia, Cricetidae) from Southeastern Brazil Carvalho,Ana Heloisa Lopes,Maria Olimpia Svartman,Marta Rhipidomys chromosome banding FISH Comparative Cytogenetics 6(3): 227-237 In this work we present a new karyotype for Rhipidomys Tschudi, 1845 (Cricetidae, Rodentia) from Brazil. Our chromosome analyses included GTG- and CBG-banding patterns, the localization of the nucleolus organizer regions after silver staining (Ag-NORs) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with a telomere probe. The new karyotype is composed of 44 chromosomes and has a fundamental number (number of autosomal arms) of 48. Most Rhipidomys species already karyotyped presented similar complements with 2n=44, but their fundamental numbers varied from FN=46 to 80, a variation that has been mainly attributed to pericentric inversions. The comparison of this new karyotype to those of other Rhipidomys already reported allowed us to conclude that it is a distinctive chromosome complement, which can be of great use as a tool for the very complicated taxonomic identification in this genus. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2012 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v6i3.2432 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v6i3.2432 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1766/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1766/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v6i3.3261 2012-07-10 compcytogen

Sex chromosome differentiation in Humulus japonicus Siebold & Zuccarini, 1846 (Cannabaceae) revealed by fluorescence in situ hybridization of subtelomeric repeat Alexandrov,Oleg Divashuk,Mikhail Yakovin,Nikolay Karlov,Gennady Humulus japonicus sex chromosomes sex determination in plants subtelomeric repeat fluorescence in situ hybridization Comparative Cytogenetics 6(3): 239-247 Humulus japonicus Siebold & Zucc (Japanese hop) is a dioecious species of the family Cannabaceae. The chromosome number is 2n = 16 = 14 + XX for females and 2n = 17 = 14 + XY1Y2 for male. To date, no fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) markers have been established for the identification of H. japonicus sex chromosomes. In this paper, we report a method for the mitotic and meiotic sex chromosome differentiation in H. japonicus by FISH for HJSR, a high copy subtelomeric repeat. The signal is present in the subtelomeric region of one arm of the X chromosome. We demonstrate that males have two Y chromosomes that differ in FISH signal with the HJSR probe. Indeed, the HJSR probe hybridizes to a subtelomeric region on both arms of chromosome Y1 but not of chromosome Y2. The orientation and position of pseudoautosomal regions (PAR1 and PAR2) were also determined. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2012 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v6i3.3261 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v6i3.3261 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1765/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1765/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v6i3.2831 2012-08-09 compcytogen

A revision of chromosome II (CD) mapping in Chironomus plumosus (Linnaeus, 1758) group (Diptera, Chironomidae) Golygina,Veronika Kiknadze,Iya Chironomus plumosus group karyotype banding sequence chromosome II mapping Comparative Cytogenetics 6(3): 249-266 A revision of the main and alternative banding sequences in chromosome II (CD) has been made for all 14 species of the Chironomus plumosus (Linnaeus, 1758) group. A new version of mapping has been suggested for 10 out of 18 banding sequences of arm C and 12 out of 22 banding sequences of arm D. Mapping of 7 banding sequences has been done for the first time according to the Keyl-Devai system. Phylogenetic relationships of banding sequences of chromosome II have been discussed. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2012 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v6i3.2831 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v6i3.2831 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1764/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1764/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v6i3.3019 2012-08-20 compcytogen

A comparison of the chromosome G-banding pattern in two Sorex species, S. satunini and S. araneus (Mammalia, Insectivora) Borisov,Yuri Orlov,Victor G-banding common shrew Sorex araneus Sorex satunini karyotype phylogeny Comparative Cytogenetics 6(3): 267-271 The G-banded karyotype of S. satunini was compared with the karyotype of Sorex araneus. Extensive homology was revealed. The major chromosomal rearrangements involved in the evolutionary divergence of these species have been identified as centric fusions and centromeric shifts. From the known palaeontological age of S. satunini it is obvious that the vast chromosomal polymorphism of the S. araneus group originated during the middle Pleistocene. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2012 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v6i3.3019 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v6i3.3019 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1763/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1763/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v6i3.3380 2012-08-20 compcytogen

Physical mapping of 5S and 18S-5.8S-26S RNA gene families in polyploid series of Cenchrus ciliaris Linnaeus, 1771 (Poaceae) Kharrat-Souissi,Amina Siljak-Yakovlev,Sonja Pustahija,Fatima Chaieb,Mohamed Buffelgrass Cenchrus ciliaris fluorescence in situ hybridization fluorochrome banding polyploidy rDNA organization Comparative Cytogenetics 6(3): 273-286 The Buffelgrass (Cenchrus ciliaris L., Poaceae) is one of the most important pasturage grasses due to its high productivity and good forage qualities. This species possess a high adaptability to bioclimatic constraints of arid zones and may be used for the restoration of degraded arid ecosystems. Tunisian populations present three ploidy levels (4x, 5x and 6x) with a basic chromosome number x=9. This study reported for the first time the distribution of the ribosomal genes (rRNA) for pentaploid and hexaploid cytotypes of C. ciliaris. Molecular cytogenetic study using double fluorescence in situ hybridization has shown that the two rDNA families, 5S and 18S-5.8S-26S (18S), displayed intraspecific variation in number of loci among different ploidy levels. Each ploidy level was characterized by specific number of both 5S and 18S rDNA loci (two loci in tetraploid, five in pentaploid and six in hexaploid level). For three studied cytotypes (4x, 5x and 6x) all 5S rDNA loci were localized on the subcentromeric region of chromosomes, while 18S loci were situated on the telomeric region of short chromosome arms. Data of the FISH experiments show proportional increase of ribosomal loci number during polyploidization processes. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2012 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v6i3.3380 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v6i3.3380 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1762/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1762/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v6i3.3543 2012-09-14 compcytogen

Identifying parental chromosomes and genomic rearrangements in animal hybrid complexes of species with small genome size using Genomic In Situ Hybridization (GISH) Rampin,Massimiliano Bi,Ke Bogart,James Collares Pereira,Maria Joao Allopolyploids GISH C-value Squalius alburnoides complex Cyprinidae Vertebrates Comparative Cytogenetics 6(3): 287-300 Genomic In Situ Hybridization (GISH), a powerful tool to identify and to quantify genomic constituents in allopolyploids, has been widely used in plants but not in animals mainly due to technical problems in obtaining informative results. Using the allopolyploid Squalius alburnoides fish complex as a model system, we succeeded in overcoming methodological constraints when dealing with parental species with a small genome size. This hybridogenetic complex has biotypes with different genome compositions and ploidy levels, but parental chromosomes are small, morphologically very similar and therefore cannot be distinguished by conventional cytogenetic approaches. Specimens have a small genome (C-value = 1.2 pg) with a low level of highly and moderate repetitive sequences, mainly located at pericentromeric chromosome regions. Since it is well known that probe annealing depends on probe concentration and hybridization time to obtain uniform hybridization signals along the chromosome arms, we progressively increased the amount of labeled probes from 100ng up to 1µg per slide and the incubation time from overnight up to 72 h, among other minor improvements. Results showed a clear enhancement of signals with respect to previous data, allowing an accurate and reproducible assignment of the parental genomes in both diploid and triploid fish. It was thus evidenced that high probes’ concentrations and long incubation time are the key to obtain, without extra image editing, uniform and reliable hybridization signals in metaphase chromosomes of hybrid fish even involving parental species with small genome size. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2012 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v6i3.3543 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v6i3.3543 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1761/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1761/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v6i3.3701 2012-09-14 compcytogen

Synaptonemal complex analysis of interracial hybrids between the Moscow and Neroosa chromosomal races of the common shrew Sorex araneus showing regular formation of a complex meiotic configuration (ring-of-four) Matveevsky,Sergey Pavlova,Svetlana V. Atsaeva,Maret M. Kolomiets,Oxana L. Synaptonemal complex MSCI γH2AX centromeres Sorex araneus Comparative Cytogenetics 6(3): 301-314 Immunocytochemical and electron microscopic analysis of synaptonemal complexes (SCs) was carried out for the first time in homozygotes and complex Robertsonian heterozygotes (hybrids) of the common shrew, Sorex araneus Linnaeus, 1758, from a newly discovered hybrid zone between the Moscow and the Neroosa chromosomal races. These races differ in four monobrachial homologous metacentrics, and closed SC tetravalent is expected to be formed in meiosis of a hybrid. Indeed, such a multivalent was found at meiotic prophase I in hybrids. Interactions between multivalent and both autosomes and/or the sex chromosomes were observed. For the first time we have used immunocytochemical techniques to analyse asynapsis in S. araneus and show that the multivalent pairs in an orderly fashion with complete synapsis. Despite some signs of spermatocytes arrested in the meiotic prophase I, hybrids had large number of active sperm. Thus, Moscow – Neroosa hybrid males that form a ring-of-four meiotic configuration are most likely not sterile. Our results support previous demonstrations that monobrachial homology of metacentrics of the common shrew does not lead to complete reproductive isolation between parapatric chromosomal races of the species. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2012 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v6i3.3701 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v6i3.3701 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1760/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1760/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v6i3.2667 2012-09-26 compcytogen

Localization of 18S ribosomal genes in suckermouth armoured catfishes Loricariidae (Teleostei, Siluriformes) with discussion on the Ag-NOR evolution Alves,Anderson de Borba,Rafael Pozzobon,Allan Oliveira,Claudio Nirchio,Mauro Granado,Ángel Foresti,Fausto fish cytogenetics fluorescent in situ hybridization Loricariidae Comparative Cytogenetics 6(3): 315-321 The family Loricariidae with about 690 species divided into six subfamilies, is one of the world’s largest fish families. Cytogenetic studies conducted in the family showed that among 90 species analyzed the diploid number ranges from 2n=38 in Ancistrus sp. to 2n=96 in Hemipsilichthys gobio Luetken, 1874. In the present study, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was employed to determine the chromosomal localization of the 18S rDNA gene in four suckermouth armoured catfishes: Kronichthys lacerta (Nichols, 1919), Pareiorhaphis splendens (Bizerril, 1995), Liposarcus multiradiatus (Hancock, 1828) and Hypostomus prope plecostomus (Linnaeus, 1758). All species analyzed showed one chromosome pair with 18S rDNA sequences, as observed in the previous Ag-NORs analyses. The presence of size and numerical polymorphism was observed and discussed, with proposing a hypothesis of the Ag-NOR evolution in Loricariidae. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2012 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v6i3.2667 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v6i3.2667 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1759/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1759/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v6i3.3637 2012-09-26 compcytogen

Cytogenetic analysis in Thoracocharax stellatus (Kner, 1858) (Characiformes, Gasteropelecidae) from Paraguay River Basin, Mato Grosso, Brazil Silva,Edson de Borba,Rafael Centofante,Liano Miyazawa,Carlos Parise-Maltempi,Patricia Thoracocharax stellatus Ag-NOR C-band FISH 18S rDNA Comparative Cytogenetics 6(3): 323-333 Thoracocharax stellatus (Characiformes, Gasteropelecidae) is a small Neotropical species of fish, widely distributed in several rivers of South America. Evidence for karyotype heteromorphysm in populations from different geographical regions has been reported for this species. In this way, populations of T. stellatus from the Paraguay River basin were cytogenetically characterized and the results were compared with other studies performed in the same species but from different basins. The results showed a diploid number of 2n = 54 for T. stellatus, with chromosomes arranged in 6 metacentric (m), 6 submetacentric (sm), 2 subtelocentric (st) and 40 acrocentric (a), for both sexes, with a simple Nucleolus Organiser Region (NOR) system reported by the techniques of silver nitrate impregnation and fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) using 18S rDNA sequences as probe. The distribution of constitutive heterochromatin, observed by the C-band technique and Chromomycin A3 staining showed great similarity among the analyzed populations and consists mainly of discrete blocks in the pericentromeric and telomeric regions of most chromosomes. The presence of female heterogamety was also observed indicating a ZZ/ZW system with W chromosome almost totally heterochromatic. The results also show cytogenetic diversity of the group and are useful to understand the mechanisms of karyotype evolution of the family. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2012 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v6i3.3637 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v6i3.3637 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1758/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1758/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v6i4.3519 2012-10-05 compcytogen

A chromosomal analysis of four species of Chilean Chrysomelinae (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) Petitpierre,Eduard Elgueta,Mario Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Chrysomelinae karyotypes cytotaxonomy Comparative Cytogenetics 6(4): 335-340 Four species of Chilean leaf beetles in the subfamily Chrysomelinae have been cytogenetically analyzed, Blaptea elguetai Petitpierre, 2011, Henicotherus porteri Bréthes, 1929 and Jolivetia obscura (Philippi, 1864) show 2n = 28 chromosomes and a 13 + Xyp male meioformula, and Pataya nitida (Philippi, 1864) has the highest number of 2n = 38 chromosomes. The karyotype of H. porteri is made of mostly small meta/submetacentric chromosomes, and that of Jolivetia obscura displays striking procentric blocks of heterochromatin at pachytene autosomic bivalents using conventional staining. These findings are discussed in relation to previous cytogenetic data and current taxonomy of the subfamily. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2012 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v6i4.3519 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v6i4.3519 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1778/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1778/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v6i4.4058 2012-10-05 compcytogen

The first finding of (TTAGG)n telomeric repeat in chromosomes of true bugs (Heteroptera, Belostomatidae) Kuznetsova,Valentina G. Grozeva,Snejana Anokhin,Boris Chromosomes FISH (TTAGG)n telomeric repeat true bugs Nepomorpha Belostomatidae Lethocerus patruelis Comparative Cytogenetics 6(4): 341-346 Using the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), the presence of (TTAGG)n telomeric sequence was detected in the chromosomes of Lethocerus patruelis (Stål, 1854) belonging to the family Belostomatidae (Heteroptera: Nepomorpha). This sequence was exclusively present at the ends of chromosomes in this species. This is the first evidence of the insect-type TTAGG telomeric repeats in Heteroptera. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2012 Short Communication text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v6i4.4058 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v6i4.4058 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1777/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1777/download/pdf/ en

10.3897/compcytogen.v6i4.3183 2012-10-08 compcytogen

The chromosomes of Tsing-Ling pika, Ochotona huangensis Matschie, 1908 (Lagomorpha, Ochotonidae) Vakurin,Alexey Korablev,Vladimir Jiang,Xue-Long Grigor'eva,Tat'iana Ochotona huangensis pika karyotype chromosome C-banding Comparative Cytogenetics 6(4): 347-358 The karyotype of the Tsing-Ling (Huanghe) pika, Ochotona huangensis Matschie, 1908 from the forest habitats of the Qinling Mountains (Shaanxi Province, China) was described for the first time. The chromosome set contains 42 chromosomes (NFa=80). The autosomes are 15 meta-submetacentric pairs and 5 subtelocentric pairs. The X chromosome is a medium sized submetacentric; the Y chromosome is a small sized acrocentric. C-banding revealed a localization of heterochromatin in the pericentromeric regions of all autosomes. info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1993-078X info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1993-0771 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess CC BY 3.0 Pensoft Publishers 2012 Research Article text/html info:doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v6i4.3183 https://doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v6i4.3183 https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1776/ https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1776/download/pdf/ en cGFnZT0xJnNldD1jb21wY3l0b2dlbiZmcm9tPSZ1bnRpbD0mbWV0YWRhdGFfcHJlZml4PW9haV9kYw==