Latest Articles from Comparative Cytogenetics Latest 16 Articles from Comparative Cytogenetics https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/ Thu, 28 Mar 2024 17:12:20 +0200 Pensoft FeedCreator https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/i/logo.jpg Latest Articles from Comparative Cytogenetics https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/ Karyotype and COI gene sequences of Chironomus melanotus Keyl, 1961 from the Yaroslavl region, Russia, and the difficulties with its identification using GenBank and BOLD systems https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/90336/ Comparative Cytogenetics 16(3): 161-172

DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v16.i3.90336

Authors: Viktor V. Bolshakov, Ekaterina A. Movergoz

Abstract: Karyotype and COI gene sequences of Chironomus melanotus Keyl, 1961 from the Yaroslavl region (Russia) were analyzed. A low level of chromosomal polymorphism has been confirmed, eventually eight banding sequences were found: melA1, melB1, melC1, melD1, melE1, melF1, and melG1; only melD2 was found in two larvae from the Sunoga river. Analysis of phylogenetic tree and estimated genetic distances has shown not all COI gene sequences of Ch. melanotus in GenBank and BOLD to belong to this species. The lower distance of 0.4% was observed between two sequences from the Yaroslavl region and Finland, apparently these are true Ch. melanotus sequences. The distances between true Ch. melanotus and other sequences from Finland were 9.5% and 12.4%, and from Sweden it was 11%. The average genetic distance between studied sequences of 9.1% is out of the range of the 3% threshold previously determined for chironomids. According to our estimates, there are two sequences with a distance of 2.9% that may belong to Ch. annularius Meigen, 1818, and one sequence with a genetic distance of 2.1%, may belonging to Ch. cingulatus Meigen, 1830, which has been confirmed karyologically. Another two sequences form a separate cluster. We suggest that they either belong to a known species, but are not present in the databases, or belong to a distinct, undescribed species.

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Research Article Wed, 14 Sep 2022 18:25:29 +0300
Revision of the banding sequence pool and new data on chromosomal polymorphism in natural populations of Chironomus agilis Shobanov et Djomin, 1988 (Diptera, Chironomidae) https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/76761/ Comparative Cytogenetics 15(4): 527-541

DOI: 10.3897/CompCytogen.v15.i4.76761

Authors: Veronika V. Golygina, Oksana V. Ermolaeva

Abstract: Quantitative and qualitative analysis of chromosomal polymorphism in 19 natural populations of Ch. agilis had been performed. Most studied populations showed a medium level of chromosomal polymorphism: on average 45±3.0% of specimens are heterozygotes with 0.52±0.01 heterozygotic inversion per larvae. Besides inversions, B-chromosomes were found in two populations. The total number of banding sequences found in banding sequence pool of Ch. agilis is 16. Three banding sequences – p’agiB3, p’agiD3, p’agiF3 – are described for the first time.

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Research Article Fri, 17 Dec 2021 09:45:09 +0200
Karyotype and COI gene sequence of Chironomus heteropilicornis Wülker, 1996 (Diptera, Chironomidae) from the Gydan Peninsula, Russia https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/73135/ Comparative Cytogenetics 15(4): 447-458

DOI: 10.3897/CompCytogen.v15i4.73135

Authors: Viktor V. Bolshakov, Alexander A. Prokin, Sergey V. Artemenko

Abstract: The karyotype features and gene COI sequence of Chironomus heteropilicornis Wülker, 1996 from the Gydan Peninsula are presented for the first time. Nine banding sequences were determined, eight of them hpiA2, hpiB1, hpiC1, hpiC2, hpiD1, hpiE1, hpiF3 and hpiG1 were previously known from European, Georgian (South Caucasus) and Siberian populations. One new banding sequence for Ch. heteropilicornis, hpiB2, was found. The hpiA2 banding sequence was found in all individuals, and this is its second finding after the Georgian population (Karmokov 2019). The hpiF3 banding sequence was found only in the homozygous state. Additional B-chromosomes are absent. The genetic distances (K2P) between Ch. heteropilicornis COI gene sequence from Gydan Peninsula and Norway are 1.1­–1.3%, and Georgia – 1.8%, much lower than the commonly accepted threshold of 3% for species of genus Chironomus Meigen, 1803. The phylogenetic tree for COI gene sequences estimated by Bayesian inference showed geographically determined clusters of Norway and Gydan and a separate lineage of the Georgian population of Ch. heteropilicornis. The analysis of karyotype and COI gene sequences shows that the population of Ch. heteropilicornis from the Gydan Peninsula has an intermediate position within the Ch. pilicornis group between Georgian, Yakutian and Norwegian populations. The position of Ch. pilicornis Fabricius, 1787 from Canada and Greenland on the phylogenetic tree is discussed.

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Research Article Tue, 7 Dec 2021 10:52:16 +0200
Chromosomes of three gall wasps of the tribe Aylacini (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae) https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/66781/ Comparative Cytogenetics 15(2): 171-178

DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v15.i2.66781

Authors: Vladimir E. Gokhman

Abstract: Chromosomes of two species of the tribe Aylacini (Cynipidae), Isocolus jaceae (Schenck, 1863) and I. scabiosae (Giraud, 1859) (both have 2n = 18) were studied for the first time. In addition, 2n = 20 is confirmed in a member of the same tribe, Aulacidea hieracii (Bouché, 1834). All chromosomes of these gall wasps are biarmed; however, they gradually decrease in size in the case of A. hieracii, whereas a pair of large metacentrics is characteristic of karyotypes of both Isocolus Förster, 1869 species. Chromosomes of the two latter gall wasps are either metacentric or submetacentric, but elements with lower centromeric indices prevail in the karyotype of A. hieracii. Chromomycin A3 (CMA3)/DAPI staining revealed single CMA3-positive bands on a particular pair of chromosomes of all species, and these bands apparently refer to the nucleolus organizing regions (NORs). However, localization of CMA3-positive bands differs substantially between the studied members of Isocolus and Aulacidea Ashmead, 1897. Together with normal haploid and diploid mitotic divisions, several metaphase plates with 2n = 17 containing a peculiar dicentric chromosome were found in a single male specimen of I. scabiosae; this appears to be the first report of an obvious dicentric in the order Hymenoptera in general. Certain aspects of the chromosome diversity and karyotype evolution within the family Cynipidae and the tribe Aylacini in particular are briefly discussed.

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Research Article Fri, 4 Jun 2021 12:32:29 +0300
The occurrence of dot-like micro B chromosomes in Korean field mice Apodemus peninsulae from the shore of the Teletskoye Lake (Altai Mountains) https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/47659/ Comparative Cytogenetics 14(1): 97-105

DOI: 10.3897/CompCytogen.v14i1.47659

Authors: Yuriy M. Borisov, Sergey A. Abramov, Marina Y. Borisova, Igor A. Zhigarev

Abstract: The data on the changes in the cytogenetic structure of the geographic population of Korean field mouse Apodemus (Alsomys) peninsulae Thomas, 1907 at the southern shore of the Teletskoye Lake (Altai Republic) are presented. In 1980 no dot-like microchromosomes were found in 34 mice captured on the southern and northern coasts of the Teletskoye Lake. In 2011, a 1.6-fold (from 2.7 to 4.3) increase in the mean number of B chromosomes compared to the rate estimated there earlier in 1980 was discovered. In 11 of the 15 mice (73%) captured in 2011, the karyotypes contained 1–2 dot-like micro B chromosomes and 1–5 macro B chromosomes. The pollution of the territory by the remains of the rocket fuel components may be an appropriate explanation for the cause of the karyological changes observed in A. peninsulae in this region.

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Research Article Wed, 4 Mar 2020 16:08:37 +0200
Comparative FISH mapping of ribosomal DNA clusters and TTAGG telomeric sequences to holokinetic chromosomes of eight species of the insect order Psocoptera https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/48891/ Comparative Cytogenetics 13(4): 403-410

DOI: 10.3897/CompCytogen.v13i4.48891

Authors: Natalia Golub, Boris Anokhin, Valentina Kuznetsova

Abstract: Repetitive DNAs are the main components of eukaryotic genome. We mapped the 18S rDNA and TTAGG telomeric probe sequences by FISH to meiotic chromosomes of eight species of the order Psocoptera considered a basal taxon of Paraneoptera: Valenzuela burmeisteri (Brauer, 1876), Stenopsocus lachlani Kolbe, 1960, Graphopsocus cruciatus (Linnaeus, 1768), Peripsocus phaeopterus (Stephens, 1836), Philotarsus picicornis (Fabricius, 1793), Amphigerontia bifasciata (Latreille, 1799), Psococerastis gibbosa (Sulzer, 1766), and Metylophorus nebulosus (Stephens, 1836). These species belong to five distantly related families of the largest psocid suborder Psocomorpha: Caeciliusidae, Stenopsocidae, Peripsocidae, Philotarsidae, and Psocidae. We show that all the examined species share a similar location of 18S rDNA on a medium-sized pair of autosomes. This is the first study of rDNA clusters in the order Psocoptera using FISH. We also demonstrate that these species have the classical insect (TTAGG)n telomere organization. Our results provide a foundation for further cytogenetic characterization and chromosome evolution studies in Psocoptera.

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Short Communication Fri, 6 Dec 2019 19:22:06 +0200
Description of two new species of the genus Cacopsylla Ossiannilsson, 1970 (Hemiptera, Psylloidea) from northern Fennoscandia recognized by morphology, cytogenetic characters and COI barcode sequence https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/47395/ Comparative Cytogenetics 13(4): 367-382

DOI: 10.3897/CompCytogen.v13i4.47395

Authors: Christina Nokkala, Valentina G. Kuznetsova, Veikko Rinne, Seppo Nokkala

Abstract: Based on chromosomal, molecular and morphological analyses, two new Cacopsylla Ossiannilsson, 1970 species are described, C. lapponica S. Nokkala & Ch. Nokkala, sp. nov. and C. borealis S. Nokkala et Ch. Nokkala, sp. nov. (Hemiptera, Psylloidea). C. lapponica is a rare bisexual alpine species living on Vaccinium uliginosum Linnaeus, 1753 above tree line on northern hills, where it forms sympatric populations with C. myrtilli W. Wagner, 1947. So far, the species has been found in northern Finland, Utsjoki and Kilpisjärvi, and in northern Sweden, Abisko. The chromosome number in males is 2n = 12+X(0), characteristic of psyllids. The species is easily distinguished from C. myrtilli by its conspicuously smaller size mainly due to difference in wing size. Additional morphological differences are found in the length of antennae, female genital plates and male parameres. C. borealis, in turn, is a relatively common apomictic parthenogenetic species with 5n = 60 + XXXXX living on the same host plant, Ledum palustre Linnaeus, 1753, as C. ledi (Flor, 1861) and occasionally forming sympatric populations with it. No males have been recorded in C. borealis. Its distribution range reaches at least from northern Fennoscandia to Lake Baikal in the East. C. borealis can be distinguished from C. ledi by differences in the length and width of antennae, dark brown markings on the wing and female terminal structures. For molecular analysis, a 638 bp fragment of the mitochondrial COI gene was sequenced. C. lapponica differs from the cohabitating C. myrtilli by 20 fixed nucleotide substitutions (uncor rected p-distance 3.13 %), while C. borealis differs from C. ledi by 21 fixed nucleotide substitutions (uncorrected p-distance 3.29 %). Molecular phylogeny construction (ML and BI) reveals two highly divergent clades, one comprising two bisexual species, C. lapponica and C. fraudatrix Labina & Kuznetsova, 2012, and the other clade comprising the parthenogenetic species C. borealis, C. myrtilli, and C. ledi. Within this clade, C. borealis is more closely associated with C. myrtilli than with C. ledi.

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Research Article Tue, 19 Nov 2019 15:59:23 +0200
New data on karyotypes of lace bugs (Tingidae, Cimicomorpha, Hemiptera) with analysis of the 18S rDNA clusters distribution https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/30431/ Comparative Cytogenetics 12(4): 515-528

DOI: 10.3897/CompCytogen.v12i4.30431

Authors: Natalia V. Golub, Viktor B. Golub, Valentina G. Kuznetsova

Abstract: The karyotypes of 10 species from 9 genera of the family Tingidae (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Cimicomorpha) are described and illustrated for the first time. These species are: Agramma atricapillum (Spinola, 1837), Catoplatus carthusianus (Goeze, 1778), Dictyla platyoma (Fieber, 1861), Lasiacantha hermani Vásárhelyi, 1977, Oncochila simplex (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1830), Tingis (Neolasiotropis) pilosa Hummel, 1825, and T. (Tropidocheila) reticulata Herrich-Schaeffer, 1835, all with 2n = 12A + XY, as well as Acalypta marginata (Wolff, 1804), Derephysia (Paraderephysia) longispina Golub, 1974, and Dictyonota strichnocera Fieber, 1844, all with 2n = 12A + X(0). Moreover, genera Catoplatus Spinola, 1837, Derephysia Spinola, 1837, and Oncochila (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1830) were explored cytogenetically for the first time. Much as all other hitherto studied lace bugs, the species studied here have 12 autosomes but differ in their sex chromosome systems. The ribosomal clusters were localized on male meiotic cells of all ten species already mentioned and, additionally, in Acalypta carinata Panzer, 1806 known to have 2n = 12A + X (Grozeva and Nokkala 2001) by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using a PCR amplified 18S rDNA fragment as a probe. In all cases, rDNA loci were located interstitially on a pair of autosomes. Furthermore, two species possessed some additional rDNA clusters. Thus, Acalypta marginata showed clearly defined interstitial clusters on one more pair of autosomes, whereas Derephysia longispina had a terminal cluster on the X-chromosome. FISH performed with the telomeric (TTAGG)n probe did not reveal labelling in chromosomes of any species studied. Hence, the results obtained provide additional evidence for the karyotype conservatism, at least regarding the number of autosomes, for variation in chromosomal distribution of rDNA loci between species and for the lack of the ancestral insect telomeric sequence TTAGG in lace bugs. Preliminary taxonomic comments are made basing on some cytogenetic evidence.

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Data Paper Thu, 13 Dec 2018 18:06:02 +0200
Characteristics of parthenogenesis in Cacopsylla ledi (Flor, 1861) (Hemiptera, Sternorryncha, Psylloidea): cytological and molecular approaches https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/21362/ Comparative Cytogenetics 11(4): 807-817

DOI: 10.3897/CompCytogen.v11i4.21362

Authors: Seppo Nokkala, Valentina G. Kuznetsova, Christina Nokkala

Abstract: Characteristics of parthenogenesis in Cacopsylla ledi (Flor, 1861) were analyzed using cytological and molecular approaches. In all three populations studied from Finland, i.e. Turku, Kustavi and Siikajoki, males were present at a low frequency but were absent from a population from Vorkuta, Russia. In a follow-up study conducted in the Turku population during 2010–2016, the initial frequency of males was ca. 10 % and showed no intraseasonal variation, but then dramatically decreased down to approximately 1–2 % level in seasons 2015–2016. Male meiosis was chiasmate with some traces of chromosomal fragmentation and subsequent fusions. In most females, metaphase in mature eggs included 39 univalent chromosomes which indicated apomictic triploidy. Only a small fraction of females was diploid with 13 chiasmate bivalents. The frequency of diploid females approximately equaled that of males. COI barcode analyses showed that triploid females (N = 57) and diploids (7 females and 5 males) displayed different haplotypes, demonstrating that triploid females reproduced via obligate parthenogenesis. The rarity of diploids, along with the lack of males’ preference towards diploid females, suggested that most likely diploids were produced by rare triploid females which shared the same haplotype with the diploids (not found in the present analysis). Minimum haplotype diversity was detected in the Turku population, but it was much higher in Vorkuta with some indication for the mixed origin of the population. We suggest that functional diploids produced in a parthenogenetic population can give rise either to a new parthenogenetic lineage or even to a new bisexual species.

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Research Article Fri, 24 Nov 2017 17:16:16 +0200
Karyotype characteristics, larval morphology and chromosomal polymorphism peculiarities of Glyptotendipes salinus Michailova, 1983 (Diptera, Chironomidae) from Tambukan Lake, Central Caucasus https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/9400/ Comparative Cytogenetics 10(4): 571-585

DOI: 10.3897/CompCytogen.v10i4.9400

Authors: Mukhamed Karmokov, Azamat Y. Akkizov

Abstract: Data on the karyotype characteristics, larval morphology and features of chromosomal polymorphism of a population of Glyptotendipes salinus Michailova, 1983 (Diptera, Chironomidae) from Tambukan Lake (on the northern macroslope of the central Caucasus) are presented. It was found that diagnostic larval characters of G. salinus from Caucasus in general are similar to those described in previous studies, but with some significant differences. By some morphological characteristics Caucasian larvae appeared to be closer to G. barbipes than to ones provided for European larvae of G. salinus by Contreras-Lichtenberg (1999). Obtained morphological data make possible to conclude that Caucasian population of G. salinus can be a markedly diverged population of the species, probably even subspecies. In the Caucasian population 12 banding sequences were found: two in arms A, B, C, E, and G, and one in arms D and F. Eight of these are already known for this species, and four, salA2, salB2, salEX, and salG3, are described for the first time. Genetic distances between all the previously studied populations of G. salinus were measured using Nei criteria (1972). The population of the central Caucasus occupies a distinct position on the dendrogram compared with populations from Altai and Kazakhstan. All the obtained morphological and cytogenetic data can indicate the plausible relative isolation and complexity of the Caucasus from the viewpoint of microevolution. More researches are required in other parts of Caucasus and other geographically distant regions for more specific allegations.

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Research Article Fri, 4 Nov 2016 18:44:37 +0200
Variability of 18rDNA loci in four lace bug species (Hemiptera, Tingidae) with the same chromosome number https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/5376/ Comparative Cytogenetics 9(4): 513-522

DOI: 10.3897/CompCytogen.v9i4.5376

Authors: Natalia V. Golub, Victor B. Golub, Valentina G. Kuznetsova

Abstract: Male karyotypes of Elasmotropis testacea (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1835), Tingis cardui (Linnaeus, 1758), T. crispata (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1838), and Agramma femorale Thomson, 1871 (Heteroptera, Cimicomorpha, Tingidae) were analyzed using conventional chromosome staining and FISH with 18S rDNA and (TTAGG)n telomeric probes. The FISH technique was applied for the first time in the Tingidae. In spite of the fact that all species showed the same chromosome number (2n = 12 + XY), they have significant differences in the number and position of rDNA loci. FISH with the classical insect (TTAGG)n probe produced no signals on chromosomes suggesting telomeres in lace bugs to be of some other molecular composition. Tingidae share absence of the (TTAGG)n telomeric sequence with all so far studied taxa of the advanced true bug infraorders Cimicomorpha and Pentatomomorpha.

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Research Article Wed, 2 Sep 2015 11:53:45 +0300
Karyotypes of parasitic wasps of the family Eulophidae (Hymenoptera) attacking leaf-mining Lepidoptera (Gracillariidae, Gelechiidae) https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1806/ Comparative Cytogenetics 8(1): 31-41

DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v8i1.6537

Authors: Vladimir Gokhman, Zoya Yefremova, Ekaterina Yegorenkova

Abstract: Karyotypes of eleven parasitoid species of the family Eulophidae were examined, namely, Chrysocharis laomedon (Walker, 1839) (2n = 10), Chrysocharis sp. aff. laomedon (n = 5, 2n = 10), Chrysocharis sp. aff. albipes (Ashmead, 1904) (2n = 12), Mischotetrastichus petiolatus (Erdös, 1961) (n = 6, 2n = 12), Minotetrastichus frontalis (Nees, 1834) (n = 5, 2n = 10), Cirrospilus pictus (Nees, 1834) (2n = 12), Hyssopus geniculatus (Hartig, 1838) (2n = 16), Sympiesis gordius (Walker, 1839) (2n = 12), S. sericeicornis (Nees, 1834) (2n = 12), Pnigalio agraules (Walker, 1839) (2n = 12 + 0–2B) and Pnigalio gyamiensis Myartseva & Kurashev, 1990 (2n = 12 + 0–6B) reared from Phyllonorycter acerifoliella (Zeller, 1839), Ph. apparella (Herrich-Schäffer, 1855), Ph. issikii (Kumata, 1963) (Gracillariidae) and Chrysoesthia sexguttella (Thunberg, 1794) (Gelechiidae). Chromosome sets of all species except P. agraules and P. gyamiensis were studied for the first time. B chromosomes were detected in the two latter species; in P. gyamiensis, the maximum number of B chromosomes represents the highest value known for parasitic wasps to date.

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Research Article Tue, 25 Feb 2014 00:00:00 +0200
Chromatin diminution in Copepoda (Crustacea): pattern, biological role and evolutionary aspects https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1808/ Comparative Cytogenetics 8(1): 1-10

DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v8i1.5913

Authors: Andrey Grishanin

Abstract: This article provides an overview of research on chromatin diminution (CD) in copepods. The phenomenology, mechanisms and biological role of CD are discussed. A model of CD as an alternative means of regulating cell differentiation is presented. While the vast majority of eukaryotes inactivate genes that are no longer needed in development by heterochromatinization, copepods probably use CD for the same purpose. It is assumed that the copepods have exploited CD as a tool for adaptation to changing environmental conditions and as a mechanism for regulating the rate of evolutionary processes.

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Review Article Thu, 9 Jan 2014 00:00:00 +0200
Cytogenetic response of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris Linnaeus, 1753) (Pinaceae) to heavy metals https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1742/ Comparative Cytogenetics 6(1): 93-106

DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v6i1.2017

Authors: Mikhail Belousov, Olga Mashkina, Vasily Popov

Abstract: We studied cytogenetic reactions of Scots pine seedlings to heavy metals – lead, cupric and zinc nitrates applied at concentrations 0.5 to 2000 µM. We determined the range of concentrations of heavy metals that causes mutagenic effect. Lead was found to cause the strongest genotoxicity as manifested by significant increase in the frequency of pathological mitosis, occurrence of fragmentations and agglutinations of chromosomes, various types of bridges, and a significant number of the micronuclei which were absent in the control. Possible cytogenetic mechanisms of the cytotoxic action of heavy metals are discussed.

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Data Paper Fri, 2 Mar 2012 00:00:00 +0200
Presence of the 54-chromosome common vole (Mammalia) on Olkhon Island (Lake Baikal, East Siberia, Russia), and the occurrence of an unusual X-chromosome variant https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1736/ Comparative Cytogenetics 5(5): 433-440

DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v5i5.1720

Authors: Svetlana Pavlova, A.V. Tchabovsky

Abstract: We report a new finding of the 54-chromosome sibling species of the common vole in East Siberia - the first description from Olkhon Island (Lake Baikal). The karyotype of a male specimen revealed by routine staining and C-banding demonstrates the unambiguous presence of Microtus rossiaemeridionalis Ognev, 1924 (recently often regarded as as junior synonym of M. levis Miller, 1908). Comparison with conspecific specimens from the European part of the species range (from the left bank of the river Volga) shows that the vole of the island population has a smaller X-chromosome due to a reduced quantity of C-positive heterochromatin. This is just the third example of this type of X-chromosome variant with previous cases on an Arctic island (Svalbard) and the West Siberian lowland (Novosibirsk) and the only one on a lake island. Although M. rossiaemeridionalis is largely monomorphic in its karyotype, our data show that one specific type of X-chromosome variant is remarkably widespread, though rare.

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Research Article Thu, 22 Dec 2011 00:00:00 +0200
A distinct chromosome race of the common shrew (Sorex araneus Linnaeus, 1758) within the Arctic Circle in European Russia https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1695/ Comparative Cytogenetics 4(1): 73-78

DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v4i1.30

Authors: S Pavlova

Abstract: A unique arm chromosome combination detected in the common shrew karyotype from a Karelian locality within the Arctic Circle (Kandalaksha State Nature Reserve, European Russia) is interpreted as a new chromosome race - Poyakonda. According to the standard nomenclature of G-banded chromosomes of Sorex araneus the karyotype contains the species specific bi-armed autosomes af, bc, jl, tu and the typical complex sex chromosome system (two metacentrics XX in the female and one metacentric/two acrocentrics XY1Y2 in the male). A group of race specific chromosomes includes 4 metacentric combinations (hn, ip, kq, mo) and two acrocentric chromosomes (g and r). In all 5 shrew specimens examined the same homozygous autosome complement 2Na=20 was found. Data available from neighbouring regions in Russia and, in particular, from adjacent Fennoscandian countries reveal complex relationships between karyotypes of common shrews from the European North.

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Research Article Fri, 9 Jul 2010 00:00:00 +0300